{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405350771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242","title":"SSI-MedRx: A fraud-resilient healthcare system based on blockchain and SSI","display_name":"SSI-MedRx: A fraud-resilient healthcare system based on blockchain and SSI","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405350771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085443705","display_name":"Meriem Guerar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-1382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meriem Guerar","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIBRIS - University of Genoa, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-1382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIBRIS - University of Genoa, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030696756","display_name":"Mauro Migliardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3634-7554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Migliardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIPD, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIPD, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000245695","display_name":"Enrico Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-2771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIBRIS - University of Genoa, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-2771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIBRIS - University of Genoa, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041439610","display_name":"Djamel Khadraoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1054-1612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Djamel Khadraoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077703323","display_name":"Alessio Merlo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-2376"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Merlo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CASD - School of Advanced Defense Studies, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-2376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CASD - School of Advanced Defense Studies, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085443705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"fwci":7.0353,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97056992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"100242","last_page":"100242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9713588356971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-system","display_name":"Healthcare system","score":0.5104504823684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4881332814693451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.38355472683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38124388456344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2834136486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10382148623466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.058939218521118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9713588356971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.5104504823684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4881332814693451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38355472683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38124388456344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2834136486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10382148623466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.058939218521118164}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2cab3ade510d4976bccc3d2ff9a3fbed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2cab3ade510d4976bccc3d2ff9a3fbed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 100242- (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1228977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1228977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3553396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3553396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","display_name":"NextGenerationEU","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2460366127","https://openalex.org/W2917974699","https://openalex.org/W2963755642","https://openalex.org/W2969144795","https://openalex.org/W2986377783","https://openalex.org/W3004820244","https://openalex.org/W3010439198","https://openalex.org/W3011383211","https://openalex.org/W3027705879","https://openalex.org/W3031722793","https://openalex.org/W3042293729","https://openalex.org/W3044372716","https://openalex.org/W3045493768","https://openalex.org/W3048971385","https://openalex.org/W3049014197","https://openalex.org/W3087321612","https://openalex.org/W3100686539","https://openalex.org/W3115427389","https://openalex.org/W3160618055","https://openalex.org/W3163820877","https://openalex.org/W3175353747","https://openalex.org/W3194729503","https://openalex.org/W3202917770","https://openalex.org/W4214899327","https://openalex.org/W4220980323","https://openalex.org/W4283725823","https://openalex.org/W4286454941","https://openalex.org/W4288391541","https://openalex.org/W4311620362","https://openalex.org/W4317853386","https://openalex.org/W4324078816","https://openalex.org/W4362665241","https://openalex.org/W4379469286","https://openalex.org/W4381611649","https://openalex.org/W6726452213","https://openalex.org/W6741689526","https://openalex.org/W6766051604","https://openalex.org/W6767134466","https://openalex.org/W6773817194","https://openalex.org/W6777485091","https://openalex.org/W6780972294","https://openalex.org/W6782252263","https://openalex.org/W6809524195","https://openalex.org/W6839509582","https://openalex.org/W6840085174","https://openalex.org/W6852720336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1159694101","https://openalex.org/W4312778074","https://openalex.org/W2797427871","https://openalex.org/W3024114128","https://openalex.org/W3214957520","https://openalex.org/W4322577590","https://openalex.org/W2932738180","https://openalex.org/W1965298590","https://openalex.org/W2329153216","https://openalex.org/W4380151695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"healthcare":[1,38,51,72,121,130,149,156,166,187],"fraud":[2],"poses":[3],"a":[4,50,144,154,171,194],"significant":[5],"issue,":[6],"encompassing":[7],"everything":[8],"from":[9],"falsified":[10],"billing":[11],"claims":[12],"and":[13,23,40,57,69,81,98,118,132,140,147,161,192],"phantom":[14,78],"services":[15],"to":[16,62,165,176,185],"the":[17,110,178,181,190],"excessive":[18],"prescription":[19],"of":[20,112,128,173,180],"opioid":[21,82],"medications":[22],"medical":[24,75],"identity":[25,76,163],"theft.":[26],"These":[27],"deceptive":[28],"activities":[29],"cause":[30],"substantial":[31],"financial":[32],"losses,":[33],"erode":[34],"patient":[35,42,67],"trust,":[36],"compromise":[37],"quality,":[39],"threaten":[41],"safety.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"introduce":[48],"SSI-MedRx,":[49],"system":[52,87,157,183],"based":[53,158],"on":[54,159],"blockchain":[55,160],"technology":[56],"Self-Sovereign":[58],"Identity":[59],"(SSI),":[60],"designed":[61],"ensure":[63],"cross-border":[64],"interoperability,":[65],"preserve":[66],"privacy,":[68],"prevent":[70],"challenging":[71],"frauds,":[73],"including":[74],"theft,":[77],"billing,":[79],"kickbacks,":[80],"overprescribing.":[83],"By":[84],"design,":[85],"our":[86],"empowers":[88],"patients":[89],"by":[90],"granting":[91],"them":[92],"complete":[93],"control":[94],"over":[95],"their":[96,133],"personal":[97],"health":[99],"data.":[100],"This":[101],"shift":[102],"toward":[103],"patient-centric":[104],"data":[105,113],"management":[106],"can":[107],"potentially":[108],"reduce":[109],"risk":[111],"breaches,":[114],"improve":[115,119],"care":[116],"coordination,":[117],"overall":[120],"outcomes.":[122],"\u2022":[123,136,151,168],"We":[124,137,152,169],"provide":[125],"an":[126],"overview":[127],"current":[129],"systems":[131,188],"threat":[134],"models.":[135],"offer":[138],"guidelines":[139],"requirements":[141],"for":[142],"designing":[143],"borderless,":[145],"fraud-resilient,":[146],"privacy-preserving":[148],"system.":[150],"propose":[153],"novel":[155],"self-sovereign":[162],"resilient":[164],"fraud.":[167],"implement":[170],"Proof":[172],"Concept":[174],"(PoC)":[175],"highlight":[177],"advantages":[179],"proposed":[182],"compared":[184],"existing":[186],"in":[189],"literature":[191],"suggest":[193],"few":[195],"future":[196],"directions.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T00:53:05.648605","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}