{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211829217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","title":"Comparative study on hash functions for lightweight blockchain in Internet of Things (IoT)","display_name":"Comparative study on hash functions for lightweight blockchain in Internet of Things (IoT)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211829217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","mag":"3211829217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038138450","display_name":"Aishah Abdullah ALFRHAN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-405X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092650","display_name":"Buraydah Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/00j0krs40","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aishah Alfrhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51013, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51013, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650","https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000490960","display_name":"Tarek Moulahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092650","display_name":"Buraydah Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/00j0krs40","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarek Moulahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51013, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51013, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650","https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080301909","display_name":"Abdulatif Alabdulatif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulatif Alabdulatif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51013, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0646-5872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51013, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038138450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236","https://openalex.org/I4210092650"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"fwci":9.3871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97933028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"100036","last_page":"100036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9346897602081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.7646429538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7609559297561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7522010207176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5562623143196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-hash-function","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","score":0.5406585931777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-hash-algorithm","display_name":"Secure Hash Algorithm","score":0.4480658769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.4112623631954193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merkle-tree","display_name":"Merkle tree","score":0.28462591767311096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9346897602081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.7646429538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7609559297561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.7522010207176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5562623143196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7608002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477202","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","level":3,"score":0.5406585931777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9661340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257799","display_name":"Secure Hash Algorithm","level":5,"score":0.4480658769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.4112623631954193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.28462591767311096}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:73e2ff41a1094fa39a3352cb242e853c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/73e2ff41a1094fa39a3352cb242e853c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications, Vol 2, Iss 4, Pp 100036- (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35428663","https://openalex.org/W117100801","https://openalex.org/W2045482344","https://openalex.org/W2119046642","https://openalex.org/W2119359951","https://openalex.org/W2120268936","https://openalex.org/W2182055373","https://openalex.org/W2182289110","https://openalex.org/W2342330140","https://openalex.org/W2497768360","https://openalex.org/W2501207893","https://openalex.org/W2527800909","https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2604096638","https://openalex.org/W2606467208","https://openalex.org/W2610964475","https://openalex.org/W2611565958","https://openalex.org/W2611626082","https://openalex.org/W2619630761","https://openalex.org/W2624953603","https://openalex.org/W2746553616","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W2768696376","https://openalex.org/W2803371618","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2809107162","https://openalex.org/W2910815950","https://openalex.org/W2912274893","https://openalex.org/W2972945743","https://openalex.org/W3026845674","https://openalex.org/W4220942018","https://openalex.org/W4231468702","https://openalex.org/W6601434210","https://openalex.org/W6604795385","https://openalex.org/W6661699158","https://openalex.org/W6677904679","https://openalex.org/W6678119882","https://openalex.org/W6685602821","https://openalex.org/W6685970064","https://openalex.org/W6736027184","https://openalex.org/W6736936821","https://openalex.org/W6737056923","https://openalex.org/W6737289860","https://openalex.org/W6737470154","https://openalex.org/W6739400618","https://openalex.org/W6743778963","https://openalex.org/W6752821934","https://openalex.org/W6758658216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031332375","https://openalex.org/W34390312","https://openalex.org/W2142358564","https://openalex.org/W2070561595","https://openalex.org/W4251738463","https://openalex.org/W2103190493","https://openalex.org/W4200497776","https://openalex.org/W2613610283","https://openalex.org/W2087509157","https://openalex.org/W2799225258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,12,21,73,93,116,168],"last":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"there":[5],"has":[6,89],"been":[7,70,90],"a":[8,44,85,124,133,138,144,154,163],"great":[9],"interest":[10],"in":[11,29,34,136],"Internet":[13],"of":[14,78,118,126,146,170],"Things":[15],"(IoT).":[16],"This":[17],"is":[18],"mainly":[19,122],"because":[20],"IoT":[22,40,79,110,128],"interacts":[23],"directly":[24],"with":[25],"people's":[26],"everyday":[27],"lives":[28],"critical":[30],"applications,":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33,72,98,123],"smart":[35,53],"homes":[36],"and":[37,55,64,95,106],"healthcare":[38],"applications.":[39],"devices":[41,54],"typically":[42],"have":[43,69],"resource-constrained":[45],"architecture,":[46],"rendering":[47],"them":[48],"vulnerable":[49],"to":[50,59,101,150,166],"cyberattacks.":[51],"Accordingly,":[52],"stored":[56],"data":[57],"need":[58],"be":[60,151,176],"secured":[61],"through":[62],"lightweight":[63,119,179],"energy-efficient":[65],"security":[66],"solutions,":[67],"which":[68],"identified":[71],"main":[74],"challenge":[75],"facing":[76],"adoption":[77,117],"systems.":[80,111,129],"To":[81],"address":[82],"this":[83,113,160],"problem,":[84],"disruptive":[86],"technology":[87],"(blockchain)":[88],"foreseen":[91],"by":[92],"industry":[94],"research":[96],"community":[97],"being":[99],"able":[100],"deliver":[102],"secure,":[103],"fast,":[104],"reliable,":[105],"transparent":[107],"solutions":[108],"for":[109,178],"Hence,":[112],"work":[114,161],"investigates":[115],"blockchain":[120,140],"technology,":[121],"method":[125],"securing":[127],"Because":[130],"hashing":[131],"plays":[132],"major":[134],"role":[135],"creating":[137],"robust":[139],"structure,":[141],"we":[142],"select":[143],"number":[145],"different":[147],"hash":[148,172],"techniques":[149],"executed":[152],"on":[153],"Raspberry":[155],"Pi":[156],"device.":[157],"In":[158],"summation,":[159],"provides":[162],"numerical":[164],"study":[165],"evaluate":[167],"performance":[169],"well-known":[171],"functions":[173],"that":[174],"can":[175],"used":[177],"blockchain-based":[180],"IoT.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
