{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210046291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","title":"A scalable decentralized system for fair token distribution and seamless users onboarding","display_name":"A scalable decentralized system for fair token distribution and seamless users onboarding","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210046291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","mag":"3210046291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082281016","display_name":"Francesco Bruschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-2788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Bruschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027055255","display_name":"Manuel Tumiati","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Tumiati","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNOBS srl, Milan, 20121, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNOBS srl, Milan, 20121, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062883620","display_name":"Vincenzo Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-1737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042960941","display_name":"Mattia Bianchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNOBS srl, Milan, 20121, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNOBS srl, Milan, 20121, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014181688","display_name":"Donatella Sciuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-6940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donatella Sciuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-6940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082281016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"fwci":2.2752,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90436677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"100031","last_page":"100031"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7944694757461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7365901470184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/onboarding","display_name":"Onboarding","score":0.7354889512062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6232264041900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5995053052902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5652359127998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.529328465461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4906691312789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.18192154169082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10135072469711304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7944694757461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7365901470184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779185108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7091744","display_name":"Onboarding","level":2,"score":0.7354889512062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6232264041900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5995053052902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5652359127998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.529328465461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4906691312789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.18192154169082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10135072469711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf99874143d748699740a59870da4b08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf99874143d748699740a59870da4b08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 100031- (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1206452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096720921000269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1844512392","https://openalex.org/W2018746447","https://openalex.org/W2182035090","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2921793566","https://openalex.org/W2948052034","https://openalex.org/W2950862981","https://openalex.org/W2997114504","https://openalex.org/W2997895703","https://openalex.org/W3093714482","https://openalex.org/W3126331003","https://openalex.org/W6654776965","https://openalex.org/W6723996667","https://openalex.org/W6763140186","https://openalex.org/W6764211470","https://openalex.org/W6772191393","https://openalex.org/W6784075121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2375389409","https://openalex.org/W2302028273","https://openalex.org/W1525643724","https://openalex.org/W2067938758","https://openalex.org/W2382623646","https://openalex.org/W3087771547","https://openalex.org/W2752531342","https://openalex.org/W3121084347","https://openalex.org/W4312252820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tokens":[0],"are":[1,74],"digital,":[2],"transferable,":[3],"and":[4,7,60,86,135,144],"programmable":[5],"assets":[6,95],"one":[8],"of":[9,23,32,40,82,93,107,127],"the":[10,33,79,84,91,105,125],"most":[11,63],"promising":[12],"tools":[13,52,134],"offered":[14],"by":[15],"blockchains.":[16],"They":[17],"could":[18],"enable":[19],"a":[20,68,102,142],"wide":[21,38],"range":[22],"applications,":[24],"from":[25,90],"down":[26],"to":[27,29,48,66,71,110,132],"earth":[28],"futuristic.":[30],"One":[31],"main":[34,44],"issues":[35],"in":[36,141],"achieving":[37],"adoption":[39],"tokens":[41,109],"is":[42,121],"onboarding:":[43],"platforms":[45],"require":[46],"users":[47,73,88,128],"deal":[49],"with":[50],"specific":[51],"such":[53],"as":[54,137,139],"wallets,":[55],"transaction":[56],"fees,":[57],"key":[58],"generation,":[59],"storage.":[61],"The":[62,119],"common":[64],"solution":[65],"offer":[67],"familiar":[69],"experience":[70],"naive":[72],"custodial":[75],"intermediaries,":[76],"which":[77],"have":[78],"important":[80],"drawback":[81],"centralizing":[83],"process,":[85],"keeping":[87],"away":[89],"advantages":[92],"self-sovereign":[94],"control.":[96],"In":[97],"this":[98],"paper,":[99],"we":[100],"present":[101],"process":[103,120],"for":[104,116],"distribution":[106],"digital":[108],"end":[111],"users,":[112],"exploiting":[113],"\u201cphysical\u201d":[114],"objects":[115],"initial":[117],"distribution.":[118],"aimed":[122],"at":[123],"making":[124],"onboarding":[126],"not":[129],"yet":[130],"accustomed":[131],"blockchain":[133],"concepts":[136],"easy":[138],"possible,":[140],"secure":[143],"decentralized":[145],"way.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}