{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164114180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","title":"Blockchain-enabled decentralized identity management: The case of self-sovereign identity in public transportation","display_name":"Blockchain-enabled decentralized identity management: The case of self-sovereign identity in public transportation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164114180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","mag":"3164114180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023413297","display_name":"Lukas Stockburger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Stockburger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087277388","display_name":"Georgios Kokosioulis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Kokosioulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071794042","display_name":"Alivelu Manga Mukkamala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alivelu Mukkamala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010838527","display_name":"Raghava Rao Mukkamala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9814-3883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800207870","display_name":"H\u00f8yskolen Kristiania","ror":"https://ror.org/03gss5916","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800207870"]}],"countries":["DK","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghava Rao Mukkamala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark","Department of Technology, Kristiania University College, Kirkegata 24-26, 0153 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Kristiania University College, Kirkegata 24-26, 0153 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800207870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088417289","display_name":"Michel Avital","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michel Avital","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, Frederiksberg, DK-2000, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088417289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"fwci":26.4535,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99649588,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"100014","last_page":"100014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9514864683151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.7640945911407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-management","display_name":"Identity management","score":0.6671868562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereignty","display_name":"Sovereignty","score":0.5760266184806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5296798944473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43673816323280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3796260952949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.33432579040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.26113271713256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1953776478767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16384929418563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.12279936671257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.0664130449295044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9514864683151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.7640945911407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555379026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977772","display_name":"Identity management","level":3,"score":0.6671868562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.5760266184806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5296798944473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43673816323280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3796260952949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.33432579040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26113271713256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1953776478767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16384929418563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.12279936671257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0664130449295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-api.cbs.dk:openaire/135a1749-496d-41c3-ad9e-344a7cd79154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.cbs.dk/en/publications/135a1749-496d-41c3-ad9e-344a7cd79154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401458","display_name":"CBS Research Portal (Copenhagen Business School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","host_organization_name":"Copenhagen Business School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stockburger, L, Kokosioulis, G, Mukkamala, A M, Mukkamala, R R & Avital, M 2021, 'Blockchain-enabled Decentralized Identity Management : The Case of Self-sovereign Identity in Public Transportation', Blockchain: Research and Applications, vol. 2, no. 2, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7eec7a405ff45af8b9dbdf2cfc3e3a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7eec7a405ff45af8b9dbdf2cfc3e3a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 100014- (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-api.cbs.dk:openaire_cris_publications/135a1749-496d-41c3-ad9e-344a7cd79154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10398/135a1749-496d-41c3-ad9e-344a7cd79154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401458","display_name":"CBS Research Portal (Copenhagen Business School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","host_organization_name":"Copenhagen Business School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stockburger, L, Kokosioulis, G, Mukkamala, A M, Mukkamala, R R & Avital, M 2021, 'Blockchain-enabled Decentralized Identity Management : The Case of Self-sovereign Identity in Public Transportation', Blockchain: Research and Applications, vol. 2, no. 2, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130008378","https://openalex.org/W159389675","https://openalex.org/W1476628964","https://openalex.org/W1523091741","https://openalex.org/W1532730203","https://openalex.org/W1744779065","https://openalex.org/W1799750435","https://openalex.org/W1925746542","https://openalex.org/W1998017916","https://openalex.org/W2035322293","https://openalex.org/W2054702684","https://openalex.org/W2098239681","https://openalex.org/W2119248211","https://openalex.org/W2136451344","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2144837438","https://openalex.org/W2154703456","https://openalex.org/W2202316322","https://openalex.org/W2229250518","https://openalex.org/W2460676686","https://openalex.org/W2461881265","https://openalex.org/W2462956272","https://openalex.org/W2546547761","https://openalex.org/W2566758857","https://openalex.org/W2573874754","https://openalex.org/W2611824423","https://openalex.org/W2724185994","https://openalex.org/W2749247755","https://openalex.org/W2760346529","https://openalex.org/W2805654154","https://openalex.org/W2806383613","https://openalex.org/W2892018721","https://openalex.org/W2895850901","https://openalex.org/W2914351716","https://openalex.org/W2927143629","https://openalex.org/W2941036880","https://openalex.org/W2943906499","https://openalex.org/W2948007978","https://openalex.org/W2963478978","https://openalex.org/W2969043484","https://openalex.org/W2969431364","https://openalex.org/W2975628834","https://openalex.org/W2980666808","https://openalex.org/W2987069389","https://openalex.org/W2995683177","https://openalex.org/W2996885877","https://openalex.org/W3003791501","https://openalex.org/W3015387180","https://openalex.org/W3024823144","https://openalex.org/W3033451189","https://openalex.org/W3040649972","https://openalex.org/W3081632211","https://openalex.org/W3091183950","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W6605315652","https://openalex.org/W6606442914","https://openalex.org/W6628818869","https://openalex.org/W6638380345","https://openalex.org/W6674780271","https://openalex.org/W6680168754","https://openalex.org/W6689533875","https://openalex.org/W6731657173","https://openalex.org/W6739946389","https://openalex.org/W6751845380","https://openalex.org/W6751846997","https://openalex.org/W6755360376","https://openalex.org/W6759149226","https://openalex.org/W6761049565","https://openalex.org/W6761878084","https://openalex.org/W6762914567","https://openalex.org/W6767711361","https://openalex.org/W6772405095","https://openalex.org/W6776928150","https://openalex.org/W6780187998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254069829","https://openalex.org/W1807703735","https://openalex.org/W4238930562","https://openalex.org/W4313185140","https://openalex.org/W2124644269","https://openalex.org/W4226026616","https://openalex.org/W1532113758","https://openalex.org/W3016057931","https://openalex.org/W2046178677","https://openalex.org/W2378169081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identity":[0],"management":[1,51,65,90],"has":[2,34],"been":[3],"ripe":[4],"for":[5,38,104,165,171],"disruption":[6],"over":[7,182],"the":[8,36,39,82,95,117,132,163,183,199,218],"past":[9],"few":[10],"years":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,22,98,141,178],"recurring":[14],"incidents":[15],"of":[16,31,41,47,116,126,185],"data":[17],"breaches":[18],"that":[19,53,74,150,207],"have":[20,179],"led":[21],"personal":[23],"information":[24],"leaks":[25],"and":[26,102,175],"identity":[27,43,50,89,215],"theft.":[28],"The":[29,159],"rise":[30],"blockchain":[32],"technology":[33],"paved":[35],"way":[37],"development":[40],"self-sovereign":[42],"(SSI)\u2014a":[44],"new":[45],"class":[46],"user-controlled":[48],"resilient":[49],"systems":[52,193],"are":[54,151],"enabled":[55],"by":[56],"distributed":[57],"ledger":[58],"technology.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61,83],"examines":[62],"how":[63,85,143,209],"SSI":[64,96,133,219],"can":[66,92,145,211],"be":[67],"used":[68],"in":[69,78,108,157],"a":[70,86,127,138,205],"public":[71,109,119,200],"transportation":[72,110,120,155,173,201],"sector":[73],"spans":[75],"different":[76,154],"operators":[77],"multiple":[79,166],"countries.":[80],"Specifically,":[81],"explores":[84],"blockchain-based":[87],"decentralized":[88],"system":[91,129,161],"draw":[93],"on":[94,114,131,198],"framework":[97],"provide":[99],"high-level":[100],"security":[101],"transparency":[103],"all":[105],"involved":[106],"parties":[107],"ecosystems.":[111],"Accordingly,":[112],"building":[113,197],"analyses":[115],"existing":[118],"ticketing":[121,192],"solutions,":[122],"we":[123,136,203],"elicited":[124],"requirements":[125],"comparable":[128],"based":[130],"principles.":[134],"Next,":[135],"developed":[137],"low-fidelity":[139],"prototype":[140],"showcase":[142],"passengers":[144],"utilize":[146,190],"standardized":[147],"travel":[148,167],"credentials":[149,216],"valid":[152],"across":[153,194],"networks":[156],"Europe.":[158,195],"proposed":[160],"eliminates":[162],"need":[164],"cards":[168],"(i.e.,":[169],"one":[170],"each":[172],"provider)":[174],"empowers":[176],"individuals":[177,210],"better":[180,212],"control":[181],"use":[184],"their":[186,214],"identities":[187],"while":[188],"they":[189],"interoperable":[191],"Overall,":[196],"case,":[202],"offer":[204],"proof-of-concept":[206],"shows":[208],"manage":[213],"via":[217],"framework.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-07T08:38:57.713557","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}