{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161260154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484","title":"AI for crowd anomaly detection: A systematic review, challenges and future trend","display_name":"AI for crowd anomaly detection: A systematic review, challenges and future trend","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161260154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140556538","display_name":"Applied Soft Computing","issn_l":"1568-4946","issn":["1568-4946","1872-9681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136241834","display_name":"Xuguang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Media Engineering, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China","Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Film and TV Media Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Media Engineering, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Film and TV Media Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136254574","display_name":"Linen Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136237615","display_name":"Hui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-9228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, G12 QB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-9228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, G12 QB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5136237615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45319149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"201","issue":null,"first_page":"115484","last_page":"115484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9150999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9150999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.25110000371932983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6309000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.24070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23819999396800995}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140556538","display_name":"Applied Soft Computing","issn_l":"1568-4946","issn":["1568-4946","1872-9681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:386668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/6716.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2026.115484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140556538","display_name":"Applied Soft Computing","issn_l":"1568-4946","issn":["1568-4946","1872-9681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6495048562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101130271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","funder_display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8832703587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Z000025/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022674349","https://openalex.org/W2164261375","https://openalex.org/W2540481276","https://openalex.org/W2790571983","https://openalex.org/W2886402519","https://openalex.org/W2888204521","https://openalex.org/W2892624882","https://openalex.org/W2893511508","https://openalex.org/W2898853710","https://openalex.org/W2901292451","https://openalex.org/W2901458268","https://openalex.org/W2942468468","https://openalex.org/W2943957188","https://openalex.org/W2946717948","https://openalex.org/W2948429466","https://openalex.org/W2963541464","https://openalex.org/W2970269396","https://openalex.org/W2978888369","https://openalex.org/W2981287880","https://openalex.org/W2987836383","https://openalex.org/W2992731467","https://openalex.org/W3011179489","https://openalex.org/W3016705886","https://openalex.org/W3020509789","https://openalex.org/W3044290927","https://openalex.org/W3045692700","https://openalex.org/W3046154154","https://openalex.org/W3107664750","https://openalex.org/W3128635849","https://openalex.org/W3134619622","https://openalex.org/W3135235283","https://openalex.org/W3148708966","https://openalex.org/W3173743304","https://openalex.org/W3190308053","https://openalex.org/W3195717927","https://openalex.org/W3204931730","https://openalex.org/W3209048599","https://openalex.org/W3210531133","https://openalex.org/W3212660334","https://openalex.org/W4200507080","https://openalex.org/W4205388210","https://openalex.org/W4210446097","https://openalex.org/W4210717477","https://openalex.org/W4220869155","https://openalex.org/W4220925575","https://openalex.org/W4220992331","https://openalex.org/W4281554715","https://openalex.org/W4281624149","https://openalex.org/W4283068693","https://openalex.org/W4283079707","https://openalex.org/W4283318837","https://openalex.org/W4283727315","https://openalex.org/W4285103312","https://openalex.org/W4286252728","https://openalex.org/W4294678205","https://openalex.org/W4307583885","https://openalex.org/W4313123064","https://openalex.org/W4378602894","https://openalex.org/W4378902074","https://openalex.org/W4385690778","https://openalex.org/W4387020040","https://openalex.org/W4387223505","https://openalex.org/W4388036568","https://openalex.org/W4390804103","https://openalex.org/W4392520346","https://openalex.org/W4393315717","https://openalex.org/W4396809609","https://openalex.org/W4399983032","https://openalex.org/W4400100344","https://openalex.org/W4400314845","https://openalex.org/W4400477730","https://openalex.org/W4401163660","https://openalex.org/W4401498240","https://openalex.org/W4401670016","https://openalex.org/W4402418315","https://openalex.org/W4402930046","https://openalex.org/W4403117243","https://openalex.org/W4403260805","https://openalex.org/W4403425062","https://openalex.org/W4403842265","https://openalex.org/W4405401321","https://openalex.org/W4405734175","https://openalex.org/W4407900290","https://openalex.org/W4408252549","https://openalex.org/W4408287842","https://openalex.org/W4408386736","https://openalex.org/W4408391954","https://openalex.org/W4408834172","https://openalex.org/W4408867649","https://openalex.org/W4409197073","https://openalex.org/W4410343964","https://openalex.org/W4411917412","https://openalex.org/W4412847839","https://openalex.org/W4412864913","https://openalex.org/W4413031521","https://openalex.org/W4415532672","https://openalex.org/W4416668120"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowd":[0],"anomaly":[1,54,88,151,158],"behavior":[2,21],"detection":[3,82,89,152,159],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,140],"key":[8],"research":[9],"area":[10],"within":[11],"video":[12,31],"surveillance.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15,138],"explores":[16],"strategies":[17],"for":[18,184,196],"analyzing":[19],"crowd":[20,39,150,169],"through":[22],"the":[23,47,94,108,111,128,137,144],"lens":[24],"of":[25,49],"collective":[26],"movement":[27],"and":[28,63,77,91,113,117,123,133,146,162,176,193],"examines":[29],"how":[30],"surveillance":[32,197],"technologies":[33],"can":[34],"be":[35],"leveraged":[36],"to":[37],"address":[38],"safety":[40],"challenges.":[41],"Particular":[42],"emphasis":[43],"is":[44],"placed":[45],"on":[46,143],"role":[48],"deep":[50,66],"learning":[51,167],"in":[52,149],"advancing":[53],"detection.":[55],"We":[56],"review":[57,156],"relevant":[58],"literature":[59],"published":[60],"between":[61],"2019":[62],"2025,":[64],"categorizing":[65],"learning-based":[67],"approaches":[68],"into":[69],"three":[70],"main":[71],"types:":[72],"object":[73,81,172],"detection,":[74,173],"feature":[75,103,174],"extraction,":[76,175],"data":[78,129],"reconstruction/prediction.":[79,177],"For":[80,102,121],"methods,":[83,125,160],"we":[84,106,126],"summarize":[85],"network":[86],"architectures,":[87],"techniques,":[90],"Area":[92],"Under":[93],"Curve":[95],"(AUC)":[96],"evaluation":[97],"metrics":[98],"across":[99],"benchmark":[100],"datasets.":[101],"extraction":[104],"approaches,":[105],"detail":[107],"networks":[109],"employed,":[110],"temporal":[112],"spatial":[114],"features":[115],"extracted,":[116],"their":[118],"performance":[119,183],"metrics.":[120],"reconstruction":[122],"prediction-based":[124],"outline":[127],"generators,":[130],"generated":[131],"objects,":[132],"associated":[134],"discriminators.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"offers":[139],"forward-looking":[141],"perspective":[142],"challenges":[145,190],"future":[147],"directions":[148],"research.":[153],"\u2022":[154,165,178,188],"Comprehensive":[155],"categorizes":[157],"metrics,":[161],"architectures":[163],"(2019\u20132024).":[164],"Deep":[166],"transforms":[168],"analysis":[170],"via":[171],"Benchmark":[179],"datasets":[180],"validate":[181],"AUC":[182],"spatial-temporal":[185],"feature-based":[186],"approaches.":[187],"Future":[189],"include":[191],"scalability":[192],"real-time":[194],"processing":[195],"systems.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-05-16T00:00:00"}