{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131134682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088","title":"The PLUTO code on GPUs: Offloading Lagrangian Particle methods","display_name":"The PLUTO code on GPUs: Offloading Lagrangian Particle methods","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131134682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107133554","display_name":"Astronomy and Computing","issn_l":"2213-1337","issn":["2213-1337","2213-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astronomy and Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126319744","display_name":"Alessio Suriano","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Suriano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015095334","display_name":"Stefano Truzzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8126-5021"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Truzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103866854","display_name":"Agnese Costa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnese Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104453396","display_name":"Marco Rossazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2892-5458"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Rossazza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126605799","display_name":"Nitin Shukla","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Shukla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126650764","display_name":"Andrea Mignone","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Mignone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092045982","display_name":"Vittoria Berta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-6931"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vittoria Berta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077082992","display_name":"C. Zanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0204-8190"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Zanni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126319744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2810},"apc_paid":{"value":2810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2810},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5300048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":null,"first_page":"101088","last_page":"101088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11694","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions","score":0.12620000541210175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11694","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions","score":0.12620000541210175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11751","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","score":0.12020000070333481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10339","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics","score":0.049400001764297485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.7182999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pluto","display_name":"Pluto","score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.5302000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiabatic-process","display_name":"Adiabatic process","score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray","display_name":"Cosmic ray","score":0.37950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.7182999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6718000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.6218000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780263841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339","display_name":"Pluto","level":2,"score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.5302000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.45719999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111309251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547","display_name":"Cosmic ray","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53469067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505735","display_name":"Lagrangian","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166782233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127879","display_name":"Message Passing Interface","level":3,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106515295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26806595","display_name":"Parallel processing","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107133554","display_name":"Astronomy and Computing","issn_l":"2213-1337","issn":["2213-1337","2213-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astronomy and Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2602.23434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23434","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.23434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.23434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2026.101088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107133554","display_name":"Astronomy and Computing","issn_l":"2213-1337","issn":["2213-1337","2213-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astronomy and Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W337816440","https://openalex.org/W1978514484","https://openalex.org/W1980494239","https://openalex.org/W1992768712","https://openalex.org/W1998725779","https://openalex.org/W2004381611","https://openalex.org/W2043057066","https://openalex.org/W2045090998","https://openalex.org/W2050276909","https://openalex.org/W2056152878","https://openalex.org/W2063451176","https://openalex.org/W2064221922","https://openalex.org/W2122900514","https://openalex.org/W2745219970","https://openalex.org/W2795759049","https://openalex.org/W2889230235","https://openalex.org/W3019914985","https://openalex.org/W3162254298","https://openalex.org/W4210667727","https://openalex.org/W4220725392","https://openalex.org/W4229984607","https://openalex.org/W4296157460","https://openalex.org/W4387477821","https://openalex.org/W4411170832","https://openalex.org/W7083204092","https://openalex.org/W7127910095"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,53,67,136],"Lagrangian":[1],"Particles":[2],"(LP)":[3],"module":[4],"of":[5,34,59,71,103,110,123,167,188,222,236],"the":[6,16,47,57,99,104,111,116,185,230],"PLUTO":[7],"code":[8,137,201],"offers":[9],"a":[10,38,165,200],"powerful":[11],"simulation":[12],"tool":[13],"to":[14,142,207],"predict":[15],"non-thermal":[17],"emission":[18],"produced":[19],"by":[20,45,83,108,203],"shock":[21],"accelerated":[22],"particles":[23,36],"in":[24],"large-scale":[25],"relativistic":[26,35,48],"magnetized":[27],"astrophysics":[28],"flows.":[29],"LPs":[31],"represent":[32],"ensembles":[33],"with":[37,176],"given":[39],"energy":[40],"distribution":[41],"which":[42,78],"is":[43,121,220],"updated":[44],"solving":[46,171],"cosmic":[49],"ray":[50],"transport":[51],"equation.":[52],"approach":[54],"consistently":[55],"includes":[56],"effects":[58],"adiabatic":[60],"expansion,":[61],"synchrotron":[62],"and":[63,115,147,157,232],"inverse":[64],"Compton":[65],"emission.":[66],"large":[68],"scale":[69],"nature":[70],"such":[72,88],"systems":[73],"creates":[74],"boundless":[75],"computational":[76],"demand":[77],"can":[79],"only":[80],"be":[81],"satisfied":[82],"targeting":[84,124],"modern":[85],"computing":[86,134],"hardware":[87],"as":[89,129,131],"Graphic":[90],"Processing":[91],"Units":[92],"(GPUs).":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95,218],"work":[96,219],"we":[97,198],"presents":[98],"GPU-compatible":[100],"C++":[101],"re-design":[102],"LP":[105],"module,":[106],"that,":[107],"means":[109],"programming":[112],"model":[113],"OpenACC":[114],"Message":[117],"Passing":[118],"Interface":[119],"library,":[120],"capable":[122],"both":[125],"single":[126],"commercial":[127],"GPUs":[128,150],"well":[130],"multi-node":[132],"(pre-)exascale":[133],"facilities.":[135],"has":[138],"been":[139],"benchmarked":[140],"up":[141],"28672":[143],"parallel":[144,149,155],"CPUs":[145],"cores":[146,194],"1024":[148],"demonstrating":[151],"$\\sim(80-90)\\%$":[152],"weak":[153],"scaling":[154,160],"efficiency":[156],"good":[158],"strong":[159],"capabilities.":[161],"Our":[162],"results":[163],"demonstrated":[164],"speedup":[166],"$6$":[168],"times":[169],"when":[170],"that":[172,217,225],"same":[173,186],"benchmark":[174],"test":[175,213],"128":[177],"full":[178,189],"GPU":[179],"nodes":[180,192],"(4GPUs":[181],"per":[182,195],"node)":[183],"against":[184],"amount":[187],"high-end":[190],"CPU":[191],"(112":[193],"node).":[196],"Furthermore,":[197],"conducted":[199],"verification":[202],"comparing":[204],"its":[205,237],"prediction":[206],"corresponding":[208],"analytical":[209],"solutions":[210],"for":[211],"two":[212],"cases.":[214],"We":[215],"note":[216],"part":[221],"broader":[223],"project":[224],"aims":[226],"at":[227],"developing":[228],"gPLUTO,":[229],"novel":[231],"revised":[233],"GPU-ready":[234],"implementation":[235],"legacy.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}