{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393281487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","title":"Two-step interpretable modeling of ICU-AIs","display_name":"Two-step interpretable modeling of ICU-AIs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393281487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38579437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42468263","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine","issn_l":"0933-3657","issn":["0933-3657","1873-2860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074629878","display_name":"G. Lancia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-7081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Lancia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics Department, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan, 6, Utrecht, 3584CD, The Netherlands. Electronic address: giacomo.lancia@gmail.com","Mathematics Department, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan, 6, Utrecht, 3584CD, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-7081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics Department, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan, 6, Utrecht, 3584CD, The Netherlands. Electronic address: giacomo.lancia@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics Department, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan, 6, Utrecht, 3584CD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022373223","display_name":"Meri R.J. Varkila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-0292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.R.J. Varkila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089185968","display_name":"Olaf L. Cremer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-1108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O.L. Cremer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028086889","display_name":"Cristian Spitoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-606X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Spitoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics Department, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan, 6, Utrecht, 3584CD, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics Department, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan, 6, Utrecht, 3584CD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074629878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":{"value":3230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3230},"apc_paid":{"value":3230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3230},"fwci":1.8294,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86767694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"151","issue":null,"first_page":"102862","last_page":"102862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9394221305847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8326706886291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-power","display_name":"Predictive power","score":0.6854775547981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6406009197235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6347380876541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6185333728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.5783509612083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5682852268218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.46327492594718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-model","display_name":"Parametric model","score":0.4521671533584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.41507571935653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.4116133749485016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.06819957494735718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9394221305847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8326706886291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778136018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10350689","display_name":"Predictive power","level":2,"score":0.6854775547981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6406009197235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6347380876541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6185333728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.5783509612083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5682852268218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.46327492594718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.4521671533584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.41507571935653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4116133749485016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06819957494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42468263","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine","issn_l":"0933-3657","issn":["0933-3657","1873-2860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38579437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38579437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial intelligence in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1714121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1714121","pdf_url":"https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1714121/2/Lancia_ICU-AIs_2024%20.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/438135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/438135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/453069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/453069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42468263","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine","issn_l":"0933-3657","issn":["0933-3657","1873-2860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W628731042","https://openalex.org/W1222853772","https://openalex.org/W2021100796","https://openalex.org/W2032758468","https://openalex.org/W2046689939","https://openalex.org/W2048033270","https://openalex.org/W2073241381","https://openalex.org/W2080275558","https://openalex.org/W2096863518","https://openalex.org/W2136073265","https://openalex.org/W2142578874","https://openalex.org/W2143654144","https://openalex.org/W2145997692","https://openalex.org/W2163969215","https://openalex.org/W2165158988","https://openalex.org/W2170950246","https://openalex.org/W2528491735","https://openalex.org/W2532152462","https://openalex.org/W2766990039","https://openalex.org/W2773003563","https://openalex.org/W2805858672","https://openalex.org/W2886020981","https://openalex.org/W2904106849","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2920946673","https://openalex.org/W2935970686","https://openalex.org/W2963755221","https://openalex.org/W2990714382","https://openalex.org/W2990831699","https://openalex.org/W3010665394","https://openalex.org/W3011327820","https://openalex.org/W3017116930","https://openalex.org/W3093687066","https://openalex.org/W3105107900","https://openalex.org/W3164846705","https://openalex.org/W3184870479","https://openalex.org/W4205704423","https://openalex.org/W4214843537","https://openalex.org/W4221138920","https://openalex.org/W4239280923","https://openalex.org/W4240187149","https://openalex.org/W4281635631","https://openalex.org/W4282966897","https://openalex.org/W4293211234","https://openalex.org/W4293282014","https://openalex.org/W4299705292","https://openalex.org/W4384339901","https://openalex.org/W4385298467","https://openalex.org/W4391294093","https://openalex.org/W4391927507","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6634945353","https://openalex.org/W6735826779","https://openalex.org/W6747253433","https://openalex.org/W6753459304","https://openalex.org/W6755341043","https://openalex.org/W6842178309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2797441709","https://openalex.org/W2346578521","https://openalex.org/W4283692230","https://openalex.org/W4297660007","https://openalex.org/W2886918272","https://openalex.org/W4387589990","https://openalex.org/W3203722024","https://openalex.org/W2943982549","https://openalex.org/W3101055019","https://openalex.org/W4241566321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,83],"present":[1],"a":[2,48,55,71],"novel":[3],"methodology":[4],"for":[5],"integrating":[6],"high":[7,79],"resolution":[8,80],"longitudinal":[9],"data":[10,65],"with":[11,66],"the":[12,25,30,33,38,92],"dynamic":[13],"prediction":[14],"capabilities":[15],"of":[16,32,42,96],"survival":[17],"models.":[18,34],"The":[19],"aim":[20],"is":[21],"two-fold:":[22],"to":[23,88,111],"improve":[24],"predictive":[26,67,94],"power":[27,95],"while":[28],"maintaining":[29],"interpretability":[31],"To":[35,99],"go":[36],"beyond":[37],"black":[39],"box":[40],"paradigm":[41],"artificial":[43],"neural":[44,73],"networks,":[45],"we":[46,103],"propose":[47],"parsimonious":[49],"and":[50,90],"robust":[51],"semi-parametric":[52],"approach":[53],"(i.e.,":[54],"landmarking":[56],"competing":[57],"risks":[58],"model)":[59],"that":[60,75],"combines":[61],"routinely":[62],"collected":[63],"low-resolution":[64],"features":[68],"extracted":[69],"from":[70],"convolutional":[72],"network,":[74],"was":[76],"trained":[77],"on":[78,105],"time-dependent":[81],"information.":[82],"then":[84],"use":[85],"saliency":[86],"maps":[87],"analyze":[89],"explain":[91],"extra":[93],"this":[97],"model.":[98],"illustrate":[100],"our":[101],"methodology,":[102],"focus":[104],"healthcare-associated":[106],"infections":[107],"in":[108],"patients":[109],"admitted":[110],"an":[112],"intensive":[113],"care":[114],"unit.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
