{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160555978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.100875","title":"Explainable ICD coding via MediThoth: A multimodal clinical decision support system","display_name":"Explainable ICD coding via MediThoth: A multimodal clinical decision support system","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160555978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.100875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.100875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.100875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194039","display_name":"Array","issn_l":"2590-0056","issn":["2590-0056"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Array","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.100875","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135620605","display_name":"Mostafa Mohamed Elbehery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4816-8089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100308","display_name":"Military Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01337pb37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100308"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Mohamed Elbehery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4816-8089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012235885","display_name":"Mohamed Sobhy Mohamed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100308","display_name":"Military Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01337pb37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100308"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Sobhy Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-5016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135545131","display_name":"Mohamed Abdelmoneim Elshafey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-8878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100308","display_name":"Military Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01337pb37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100308"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abdelmoneim Elshafey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-8878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135620605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100308"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66879473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"100875","last_page":"100875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.20589999854564667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.20589999854564667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.11270000040531158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.06360000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.6238999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-decision-support-system","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2903999984264374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.6238999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5515999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.100875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.100875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194039","display_name":"Array","issn_l":"2590-0056","issn":["2590-0056"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Array","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.100875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2026.100875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194039","display_name":"Array","issn_l":"2590-0056","issn":["2590-0056"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Array","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6648619174957275,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052170983","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2997050424","https://openalex.org/W2999615587","https://openalex.org/W3091309561","https://openalex.org/W3095791468","https://openalex.org/W3121194378","https://openalex.org/W4211075414","https://openalex.org/W4220856838","https://openalex.org/W4307138871","https://openalex.org/W4307498511","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4312220150","https://openalex.org/W4313439128","https://openalex.org/W4379740788","https://openalex.org/W4389519254","https://openalex.org/W4389520749","https://openalex.org/W4391656534","https://openalex.org/W4396904957","https://openalex.org/W4397022293","https://openalex.org/W4401117531","https://openalex.org/W4401394731","https://openalex.org/W4401852034","https://openalex.org/W4402536012","https://openalex.org/W4402538491","https://openalex.org/W4402692877","https://openalex.org/W4404667492","https://openalex.org/W4404940840","https://openalex.org/W4407316259","https://openalex.org/W4412197197","https://openalex.org/W7125366715"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"MediThoth,":[3],"a":[4,97,103,127,154],"multimodal":[5,115,158],"and":[6,28,39,48,62,82,86,102,149,156],"explainable":[7],"framework":[8],"for":[9],"automated":[10],"ICD":[11,159],"coding":[12,160],"that":[13,50,131,142],"integrates":[14,132],"unstructured":[15],"clinical":[16],"notes":[17],"with":[18,117,136],"structured":[19,40,72],"EHR":[20],"data":[21],"from":[22],"MIMIC-III":[23,85],"(46,520":[24],"patients;":[25,31],"58,976":[26],"admissions)":[27],"MIMIC-IV":[29],"(299,712":[30],"431,231":[32],"admissions).":[33],"Following":[34],"independent":[35],"preprocessing":[36],"of":[37,59,80,100,106],"textual":[38],"modalities,":[41],"the":[42,53],"system":[43],"evaluates":[44],"multiple":[45],"candidate":[46],"models":[47],"finds":[49],"GatorTron":[51],"is":[52],"best":[54],"text":[55],"encoder,":[56],"achieving":[57,78],"improvements":[58],"11.03%":[60],"(MIMIC-III)":[61],"3.5%":[63],"(MIMIC-IV)":[64],"in":[65,120],"Micro-F1":[66,98],"over":[67,114],"prior":[68],"transformer":[69],"baselines.":[70],"For":[71],"data,":[73],"XGBoost":[74],"outperforms":[75],"traditional":[76],"models,":[77],"gains":[79],"3.6%":[81],"10.2%":[83],"on":[84,108],"MIMIC-IV,":[87],"respectively.":[88],"MediThoth":[89,125,143],"combines":[90],"these":[91],"components":[92],"through":[93],"late":[94],"fusion,":[95],"yielding":[96],"score":[99,105],"0.8180":[101],"Macro-F1":[104],"0.7813":[107],"MIMIC-III,":[109],"representing":[110],"8.9\u201312.2%":[111],"relative":[112],"improvement":[113],"baselines,":[116],"consistent":[118],"performance":[119],"MIMIC-IV.":[121],"To":[122],"enhance":[123],"interpretability,":[124],"incorporates":[126],"dual-layer":[128],"explanation":[129],"module":[130],"SHAP-based":[133],"feature":[134],"attributions":[135],"LLM-generated":[137],"narratives.":[138],"The":[139],"results":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"delivers":[144],"both":[145],"high":[146],"predictive":[147],"accuracy":[148],"clinically":[150],"meaningful":[151],"explanations,":[152],"establishing":[153],"robust":[155],"transparent":[157],"system.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T08:10:14.011955","created_date":"2026-05-08T00:00:00"}
