{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155649173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104701","title":"VulGNN: A high-fidelity graph neural network framework for robust smart contract vulnerability detection","display_name":"VulGNN: A high-fidelity graph neural network framework for robust smart contract vulnerability detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155649173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.aei.2026.104701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112141509","display_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","issn_l":"1474-0346","issn":["1474-0346","1873-5320"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134618483","display_name":"Xinyi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183816158","display_name":"Zhaoqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/025n5kj18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134582887","display_name":"Weihua Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183816158","display_name":"Zhaoqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/025n5kj18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031033915","display_name":"Jialing Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183816158","display_name":"Zhaoqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/025n5kj18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jialing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modern Educational Technology Center, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modern Educational Technology Center, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134605875","display_name":"Tao Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183816158","display_name":"Zhaoqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/025n5kj18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030333246","display_name":"Huibing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6402-2183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huibing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091806934","display_name":"Teng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-8891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Teng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou 324003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-8891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou 324003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134590294","display_name":"Keqin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keqin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031033915","https://openalex.org/A5091806934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I183816158","https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53646892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"104701","last_page":"104701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.4562999904155731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.4562999904155731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.17069999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.13179999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.35690000653266907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174683762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609588","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","level":4,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.aei.2026.104701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112141509","display_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","issn_l":"1474-0346","issn":["1474-0346","1873-5320"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360967250","https://openalex.org/W2788919350","https://openalex.org/W2805827286","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2964150020","https://openalex.org/W3035733952","https://openalex.org/W3125989628","https://openalex.org/W3210792379","https://openalex.org/W4313569595","https://openalex.org/W4362509191","https://openalex.org/W4366124391","https://openalex.org/W4400583113"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-27T06:02:13.124806","created_date":"2026-04-26T00:00:00"}