{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154571072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686","title":"Tracking and synchronization control strategy of dual-motor steer-by-wire system considering uncertain time delay","display_name":"Tracking and synchronization control strategy of dual-motor steer-by-wire system considering uncertain time delay","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154571072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112141509","display_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","issn_l":"1474-0346","issn":["1474-0346","1873-5320"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133822323","display_name":"Wanzhong Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanzhong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030133635","display_name":"Jiabing Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiabing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019556680","display_name":"C Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Heng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4036-4654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4036-4654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128769309","display_name":"Jiayi Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133805387","display_name":"Haoyu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88801416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"104686","last_page":"104686"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.24809999763965607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.24809999763965607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.24240000545978546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.09380000084638596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.7208999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5878000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5741000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-error","display_name":"Tracking error","score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-observer","display_name":"State observer","score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-control","display_name":"Robust control","score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.38609999418258667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.7208999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5878000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5741000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75778745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342626","display_name":"Lag","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194027367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420475","display_name":"Phase synchronization","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018134525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2501541","display_name":"Control signal","level":3,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81455027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180955","display_name":"Phase margin","level":5,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112141509","display_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","issn_l":"1474-0346","issn":["1474-0346","1873-5320"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2026.104686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112141509","display_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","issn_l":"1474-0346","issn":["1474-0346","1873-5320"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5849180221557617}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2224966717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52372390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8056034916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2344405548","https://openalex.org/W2763359150","https://openalex.org/W2804281845","https://openalex.org/W2945559911","https://openalex.org/W3018065808","https://openalex.org/W3037755697","https://openalex.org/W3039288030","https://openalex.org/W3110239744","https://openalex.org/W3132786431","https://openalex.org/W3162776699","https://openalex.org/W3165133055","https://openalex.org/W3195726585","https://openalex.org/W3214310660","https://openalex.org/W4200561176","https://openalex.org/W4205781341","https://openalex.org/W4292539929","https://openalex.org/W4293145210","https://openalex.org/W4293795225","https://openalex.org/W4296051900","https://openalex.org/W4388206838","https://openalex.org/W4391945911","https://openalex.org/W4392523434","https://openalex.org/W4394994469","https://openalex.org/W4401841364","https://openalex.org/W4402221373","https://openalex.org/W4409474019","https://openalex.org/W4413155342","https://openalex.org/W4413788374"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,6,25,53,76,81,109,130,142,146,162,166,170,173],"increasing":[2],"intelligence":[3],"of":[4,31,52,145,165,172],"vehicles,":[5],"growing":[7],"network":[8],"communication":[9],"load":[10],"introduces":[11],"uncertain":[12,77,179],"time":[13,57,78,180],"delays":[14,58,79,181],"in":[15,80,108,177],"control":[16,30,46,115,124,155,175],"signal":[17],"transmission,":[18],"posing":[19],"a":[20,42,49,97,121,150],"more":[21],"serious":[22],"challenge":[23],"to":[24,73,104,159],"precise":[26],"tracking":[27,43,132],"and":[28,44,116,134,182,190],"synchronization":[29,45,154,163],"dual-motor":[32],"steer-by-wire":[33],"systems.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"this":[37,39,62],"problem,":[38],"paper":[40],"proposes":[41],"strategy.":[47],"Firstly,":[48],"dynamic":[50,131],"model":[51],"steering":[54,167],"motor":[55],"incorporating":[56],"is":[59,71,93,126,157],"established.":[60],"On":[61],"basis,":[63],"an":[64,84],"Online":[65],"Identification":[66],"Adaptive":[67,85],"Smith":[68],"Predictor":[69],"(OIASP)":[70],"designed":[72],"accurately":[74],"estimate":[75],"system.":[82,168],"Furthermore,":[83],"Hybrid":[86],"Active":[87],"Disturbance":[88],"Rejection":[89],"Control":[90],"(AHADRC)":[91],"controller":[92],"proposed,":[94],"which":[95],"utilizes":[96],"Phase":[98],"Advance":[99],"Extended":[100],"State":[101],"Observer":[102],"(PAESO)":[103],"reduce":[105],"phase":[106],"lag":[107],"observed":[110],"states.":[111],"Combined":[112],"with":[113],"feedforward":[114],"linear":[117],"state":[118],"error":[119],"feedback,":[120],"FF-LSEF":[122],"composite":[123],"law":[125],"constructed,":[127],"significantly":[128],"enhancing":[129],"performance":[133],"robustness":[135],"against":[136],"complex":[137],"disturbances.":[138],"Theoretical":[139],"analysis":[140],"demonstrates":[141],"favorable":[143],"stability":[144],"proposed":[147,174],"AHADRC.":[148],"Additionally,":[149],"mean":[151],"deviation":[152],"coupling":[153],"structure":[156],"incorporated":[158],"further":[160],"enhance":[161],"accuracy":[164],"Finally,":[169],"effectiveness":[171],"strategy":[176],"suppressing":[178],"external":[183],"disturbances":[184],"was":[185],"verified":[186],"through":[187],"simulation":[188],"experiments":[189],"hardware-in-the-loop":[191],"tests.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}
