{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1506882878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-55860-377-6.50025-6","title":"Protein Folding: Symbolic Refinement Competes with Neural Networks","display_name":"Protein Folding: Symbolic Refinement Competes with Neural Networks","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1506882878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-55860-377-6.50025-6","mag":"1506882878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-1-55860-377-6.50025-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-55860-377-6.50025-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning Proceedings 1995","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014543589","display_name":"Susan Craw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-0323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susan Craw","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB1 1HG, Scotland UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB1 1HG, Scotland UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062751480","display_name":"Paul H. Hutton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-8493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Hutton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB1 1HG, Scotland UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB1 1HG, Scotland UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014543589"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64113208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6528559327125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folding","display_name":"Folding (DSP implementation)","score":0.6512764692306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5989588499069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5948652625083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5602284669876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5403016805648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.4992368221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.47976192831993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4432019591331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38959643244743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36444970965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1698804795742035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6528559327125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5464292","display_name":"Folding (DSP implementation)","level":2,"score":0.6512764692306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5989588499069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5948652625083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5602284669876099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5403016805648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4992368221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.47976192831993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4432019591331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38959643244743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36444970965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1698804795742035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-1-55860-377-6.50025-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-55860-377-6.50025-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning Proceedings 1995","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.55.5926","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.55.5926","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.scms.rgu.ac.uk/papers/95/ml95craw.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18982457","https://openalex.org/W53470755","https://openalex.org/W1496138403","https://openalex.org/W1547466200","https://openalex.org/W1594254982","https://openalex.org/W1674051175","https://openalex.org/W1989574962","https://openalex.org/W2003048487","https://openalex.org/W2039651682","https://openalex.org/W2057157558","https://openalex.org/W2099908047","https://openalex.org/W2119423166","https://openalex.org/W2146777307","https://openalex.org/W2162061564","https://openalex.org/W2189004000","https://openalex.org/W2526346152","https://openalex.org/W2571083108","https://openalex.org/W4242221364","https://openalex.org/W4244296837","https://openalex.org/W4244318493","https://openalex.org/W6602167612","https://openalex.org/W6732031337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W3041172967","https://openalex.org/W1497573972","https://openalex.org/W1846253165","https://openalex.org/W2071659383","https://openalex.org/W2124122503"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
