{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2402830301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88074-1.50007-x","title":"Context-Free Languages","display_name":"Context-Free Languages","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2402830301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88074-1.50007-x","mag":"2402830301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-88074-1.50007-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88074-1.50007-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Models and Semantics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002934242","display_name":"Jean Berstel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. BERSTEL","raw_affiliation_strings":["LITP, Universit\u00e9 de Paris VI, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LITP, Universit\u00e9 de Paris VI, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071797806","display_name":"Luc Boasson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. BOASSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Paris VII, 2 Place Jussieu, F-75221 Paris Cedex, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris VII, 2 Place Jussieu, F-75221 Paris Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002934242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I39804081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94589433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"59","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-language","display_name":"Context-free language","score":0.7521504163742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section","display_name":"Section (typography)","score":0.7356001138687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-family-of-languages","display_name":"Abstract family of languages","score":0.7282109260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congruence-relation","display_name":"Congruence relation","score":0.6289134621620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closure","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","score":0.5635126233100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5580358505249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.5071301460266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.48382940888404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4772322475910187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46559154987335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone","display_name":"Cone (formal languages)","score":0.4610869288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4503237307071686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-language","display_name":"Formal language","score":0.44694656133651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.4106219708919525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.28024131059646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","score":0.26335400342941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.21429148316383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.17598918080329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","score":0.10894536972045898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198838072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729271","display_name":"Context-free language","level":3,"score":0.7521504163742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.7356001138687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3065587","display_name":"Abstract family of languages","level":5,"score":0.7282109260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9973445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8349849","display_name":"Congruence relation","level":2,"score":0.6289134621620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146834321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2979672","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5635126233100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5580358505249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5071301460266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.48382940888404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4772322475910187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46559154987335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30014739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159445","display_name":"Cone (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.4610869288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4503237307071686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.44694656133651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.4106219708919525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.28024131059646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11164408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18657800","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","level":4,"score":0.26335400342941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.21429148316383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.17598918080329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199305712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3205914","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.10894536972045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-88074-1.50007-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88074-1.50007-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Models and Semantics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00620760v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00620760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922453","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jan van Leeuwen. Handbook of theoretical computer science, Vol. B, Elsevier, pp.59-102, 1990","raw_type":"Book sections"},{"id":"mag:2402830301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/books/collections/leeuwen90a.html#BerstelB90","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17150092","https://openalex.org/W22550382","https://openalex.org/W93011471","https://openalex.org/W100487611","https://openalex.org/W102084533","https://openalex.org/W133658117","https://openalex.org/W191765324","https://openalex.org/W1544907355","https://openalex.org/W1864129634","https://openalex.org/W1963661582","https://openalex.org/W1966670501","https://openalex.org/W1971416129","https://openalex.org/W1972153412","https://openalex.org/W1985092512","https://openalex.org/W1987519755","https://openalex.org/W1990345806","https://openalex.org/W1993901943","https://openalex.org/W1997160882","https://openalex.org/W1997305350","https://openalex.org/W1997965066","https://openalex.org/W2002237221","https://openalex.org/W2014170700","https://openalex.org/W2016434171","https://openalex.org/W2031096385","https://openalex.org/W2034926538","https://openalex.org/W2042259773","https://openalex.org/W2048217963","https://openalex.org/W2058059317","https://openalex.org/W2059530928","https://openalex.org/W2060459509","https://openalex.org/W2065702427","https://openalex.org/W2078226209","https://openalex.org/W2085610350","https://openalex.org/W2085672293","https://openalex.org/W2086965829","https://openalex.org/W2089396050","https://openalex.org/W2395761240","https://openalex.org/W2405938680","https://openalex.org/W2410092892","https://openalex.org/W2911816077","https://openalex.org/W4210356130","https://openalex.org/W4239862070","https://openalex.org/W6600692724","https://openalex.org/W6633342049","https://openalex.org/W6724132654","https://openalex.org/W6759286371","https://openalex.org/W6831293616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975411323","https://openalex.org/W236969328","https://openalex.org/W1507679101","https://openalex.org/W111608424","https://openalex.org/W659176087","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W1505482284","https://openalex.org/W342883508","https://openalex.org/W2037441184","https://openalex.org/W1521386457","https://openalex.org/W3033525639","https://openalex.org/W1555209941","https://openalex.org/W1534920398","https://openalex.org/W2240598800","https://openalex.org/W1808317016","https://openalex.org/W2538148032","https://openalex.org/W2029752177","https://openalex.org/W1601637950","https://openalex.org/W2025206446","https://openalex.org/W2038743525"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
