{"id":"https://openalex.org/W164736595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-336156-1.50046-x","title":"A Minimal Ray Tracer","display_name":"A Minimal Ray Tracer","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W164736595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-336156-1.50046-x","mag":"164736595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-336156-1.50046-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-336156-1.50046-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Graphics Gems","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045693423","display_name":"Paul S. Heckbert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul S. Heckbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3891"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3891","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045693423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10460251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"375","last_page":"381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracer","display_name":"TRACER","score":0.8015990257263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15061762928962708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.08925813436508179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778863792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16909918","display_name":"TRACER","level":2,"score":0.8015990257263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15061762928962708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.08925813436508179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-336156-1.50046-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-336156-1.50046-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Graphics Gems","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982661771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001254114","https://openalex.org/W2045362891","https://openalex.org/W1987137663","https://openalex.org/W2090152913","https://openalex.org/W2018752697","https://openalex.org/W1966069390","https://openalex.org/W1998782558","https://openalex.org/W2054546918","https://openalex.org/W1970746087","https://openalex.org/W2278340220"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}