{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092622686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1042-8143(91)90001-4","title":"Usable and reusable programming constructs","display_name":"Usable and reusable programming constructs","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092622686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1042-8143(91)90001-4","mag":"2092622686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/1042-8143(91)90001-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1042-8143(91)90001-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135058521","display_name":"Knowledge Acquisition","issn_l":"1042-8143","issn":["1042-8143","1878-7355"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge Acquisition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012098192","display_name":"Georg Klinker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122731","display_name":"Digital Wave (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t3fqk56","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Klinker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046123620","display_name":"Carlos Bhola","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122731","display_name":"Digital Wave (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t3fqk56","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Bhola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045450877","display_name":"Geoffroy Dallemagne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122731","display_name":"Digital Wave (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t3fqk56","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffroy Dallemagne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018295609","display_name":"David Marques","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122731","display_name":"Digital Wave (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t3fqk56","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111511141","display_name":"John McDermott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122731","display_name":"Digital Wave (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t3fqk56","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John McDermott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, 111 Locke Drive, Marlboro, MA 01752, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99230769,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"117","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.9378267526626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reusability","display_name":"Reusability","score":0.9015998244285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8697251081466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8543299436569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.717016339302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.6004407405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4834507405757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.48044058680534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.43575403094291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3421367406845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.18985676765441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18124085664749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.18115130066871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0721566379070282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.9378267526626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137981799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369184","display_name":"Reusability","level":3,"score":0.9015998244285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8697251081466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8543299436569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.717016339302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.6004407405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4834507405757904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.48044058680534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43575403094291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3421367406845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.18985676765441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18124085664749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.18115130066871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0721566379070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/1042-8143(91)90001-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1042-8143(91)90001-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135058521","display_name":"Knowledge Acquisition","issn_l":"1042-8143","issn":["1042-8143","1878-7355"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge Acquisition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504245721","https://openalex.org/W1557619604","https://openalex.org/W1802681612","https://openalex.org/W1965407031","https://openalex.org/W2003998011","https://openalex.org/W2035346816","https://openalex.org/W2041289621","https://openalex.org/W2051905507","https://openalex.org/W2064913891","https://openalex.org/W2092849686","https://openalex.org/W2132227920","https://openalex.org/W2162293809","https://openalex.org/W2178764546","https://openalex.org/W2406327145","https://openalex.org/W2570774740","https://openalex.org/W2738829670","https://openalex.org/W6630101926","https://openalex.org/W6635462986","https://openalex.org/W6638563299","https://openalex.org/W6659058693","https://openalex.org/W6663335452","https://openalex.org/W6679978576","https://openalex.org/W6941000409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282938614","https://openalex.org/W2906929912","https://openalex.org/W2099755394","https://openalex.org/W2350686889","https://openalex.org/W1965839502","https://openalex.org/W2621742671","https://openalex.org/W2982321410","https://openalex.org/W2114764029","https://openalex.org/W1547986167","https://openalex.org/W2092622686"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T06:23:43.705686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}