{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000727527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-1810(90)90004-n","title":"Design as intelligent behaviour: An AI in design research programme","display_name":"Design as intelligent behaviour: An AI in design research programme","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000727527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-1810(90)90004-n","mag":"2000727527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0954-1810(90)90004-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-1810(90)90004-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134649062","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering","issn_l":"0954-1810","issn":["0954-1810","1879-1492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025034640","display_name":"Tim Smithers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Smithers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028548414","display_name":"Alistair Conkie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alistair Conkie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088487789","display_name":"Jim G. Doheny","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Doheny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052831741","display_name":"Brian Logan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-7107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Logan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022788354","display_name":"K. Millington","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Millington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076879802","display_name":"Ming Xi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-2624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh EH1 2QL, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025034640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9721291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"78","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.9473999738693237,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9150000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.6824439764022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.5165247321128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-knowledge","display_name":"Design knowledge","score":0.4762803912162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4714086055755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-automated-design","display_name":"Computer-automated design","score":0.46373429894447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4505860209465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.44255486130714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.431831032037735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-decision-support-system","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","score":0.4308738112449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-design","display_name":"Intelligent design","score":0.4196430742740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39394432306289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3913591504096985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.6824439764022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.5165247321128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264352","display_name":"Design knowledge","level":3,"score":0.4762803912162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4714086055755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205976826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157390","display_name":"Computer-automated design","level":3,"score":0.46373429894447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4505860209465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.44255486130714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.431831032037735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.4308738112449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61563769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172618","display_name":"Intelligent design","level":2,"score":0.4196430742740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39394432306289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3913591504096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0954-1810(90)90004-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-1810(90)90004-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134649062","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering","issn_l":"0954-1810","issn":["0954-1810","1879-1492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28846904","https://openalex.org/W34087307","https://openalex.org/W155058137","https://openalex.org/W169805348","https://openalex.org/W560233116","https://openalex.org/W577294746","https://openalex.org/W609089190","https://openalex.org/W653809775","https://openalex.org/W1497237190","https://openalex.org/W1535895075","https://openalex.org/W1557428995","https://openalex.org/W1574235946","https://openalex.org/W1578191167","https://openalex.org/W1582174699","https://openalex.org/W1586338668","https://openalex.org/W1599254188","https://openalex.org/W1663018970","https://openalex.org/W1673799265","https://openalex.org/W1700321101","https://openalex.org/W1751175273","https://openalex.org/W1860592703","https://openalex.org/W1963547174","https://openalex.org/W1968079292","https://openalex.org/W1968431527","https://openalex.org/W1976303542","https://openalex.org/W1980491396","https://openalex.org/W2003551320","https://openalex.org/W2018528947","https://openalex.org/W2019471062","https://openalex.org/W2020391296","https://openalex.org/W2021693981","https://openalex.org/W2035346816","https://openalex.org/W2040965329","https://openalex.org/W2068374759","https://openalex.org/W2068865079","https://openalex.org/W2079911839","https://openalex.org/W2100923779","https://openalex.org/W2177034198","https://openalex.org/W2333018025","https://openalex.org/W2611598995","https://openalex.org/W2752410476","https://openalex.org/W2763560865","https://openalex.org/W2992158480","https://openalex.org/W3007348407","https://openalex.org/W3030747497","https://openalex.org/W3121922557","https://openalex.org/W3148413064","https://openalex.org/W4206577359","https://openalex.org/W4235077482","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601413549","https://openalex.org/W6606286646","https://openalex.org/W6633406410","https://openalex.org/W6637114949","https://openalex.org/W6637373809","https://openalex.org/W6653967188","https://openalex.org/W6655310081","https://openalex.org/W6667606367","https://openalex.org/W6690055023","https://openalex.org/W6748185878","https://openalex.org/W6768535762","https://openalex.org/W6788276207","https://openalex.org/W7051904839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359289096","https://openalex.org/W2392696013","https://openalex.org/W2087231855","https://openalex.org/W2379985074","https://openalex.org/W2391717118","https://openalex.org/W79523519","https://openalex.org/W2042619668","https://openalex.org/W2965496558","https://openalex.org/W2027704641","https://openalex.org/W2091439171"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}