{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007697675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90010-d","title":"Animated demonstrations for exploratory learners","display_name":"Animated demonstrations for exploratory learners","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007697675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90010-d","mag":"2007697675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0953-5438(92)90010-d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90010-d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104063842","display_name":"Stephen J. Payne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Payne","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, PO Box 704, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, PO Box 704, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078756933","display_name":"Louise Chesworth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise Chesworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Department of Psychology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK","Department of Psychology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Psychology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112285686","display_name":"E Hill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2020Department of Computing, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020Department of Computing, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104063842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8551991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8455045223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.766906201839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5935322046279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.5326361656188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5162191390991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.482204794883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.481669545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.26344209909439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12204623222351074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8455045223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.766906201839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5935322046279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.5326361656188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5162191390991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.482204794883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.481669545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.26344209909439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12204623222351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0953-5438(92)90010-d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90010-d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:17382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/17382/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111741988","https://openalex.org/W424719490","https://openalex.org/W1567351366","https://openalex.org/W1933657216","https://openalex.org/W1973844354","https://openalex.org/W1973943419","https://openalex.org/W1981405408","https://openalex.org/W2004603793","https://openalex.org/W2009127721","https://openalex.org/W2053665053","https://openalex.org/W2070458494","https://openalex.org/W2073375062","https://openalex.org/W2079338956","https://openalex.org/W2395822350","https://openalex.org/W2460975307","https://openalex.org/W2486553158","https://openalex.org/W2489865376","https://openalex.org/W2553709183","https://openalex.org/W2991497584","https://openalex.org/W4254272380","https://openalex.org/W6604528825","https://openalex.org/W6633929492","https://openalex.org/W6634855606","https://openalex.org/W6645684965","https://openalex.org/W6701395250","https://openalex.org/W6771024302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W2002770077","https://openalex.org/W3131163342","https://openalex.org/W2092256833","https://openalex.org/W2142369114","https://openalex.org/W2103375294","https://openalex.org/W1823321090","https://openalex.org/W2378792725","https://openalex.org/W2380399844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,179],"an":[1,81],"animated":[2,25,78,92,150,161],"demonstration":[3,93,151],"the":[4,10,17,37,75,87,105,135,174,180],"device's":[5],"display":[6],"behaves":[7],"as":[8,48,80,127,129,187],"if":[9],"device":[11],"were":[12],"in":[13,27,44,54,123,194],"use.":[14],"We":[15,69],"investigate":[16],"instructional":[18],"potential":[19],"of":[20,24,77,86,104,138,147,159,176,182,196,199,208],"a":[21,98,118,143,148,169],"\u2018pure\u2019":[22],"version":[23],"demonstrations,":[26],"which":[28],"there":[29],"is":[30,94,163],"no":[31],"commentary":[32],"or":[33,210],"supporting":[34],"documentation":[35],"for":[36,173],"animation.":[38],"Such":[39],"animations":[40],"are":[41,51],"heavily":[42],"used":[43],"video":[45,102],"games":[46],"(such":[47],"PacMan),":[49],"but":[50],"rarely":[52],"seen":[53],"computer-based":[55],"office":[56],"systems,":[57],"although":[58],"modern":[59],"designs":[60],"allow":[61],"them":[62],"to":[63,83],"be":[64,192],"readily":[65],"and":[66,121],"meaningfully":[67],"implemented.":[68],"report":[70],"two":[71],"experiments":[72],"that":[73,110,164,201],"test":[74],"efficacy":[76],"demonstrations":[79,162],"aid":[82],"exploratory":[84,154],"learning":[85,115],"MacDraw":[88],"graphics":[89],"editor.":[90],"The":[91],"simulated":[95],"by":[96],"playing":[97],"short,":[99],"uncommented,":[100],"silent":[101],"recording":[103],"screen-in-use.":[106],"Experiment":[107,132,139],"1":[108],"shows":[109],"this":[111,183],"technique":[112],"offers":[113],"large":[114],"advantages":[116],"over":[117],"no-instruction":[119],"condition,":[120],"is,":[122],"our":[124],"limited":[125],"experiment,":[126],"effective":[128],"text-based":[130],"instruction.":[131],"2":[133],"replicates":[134],"main":[136],"effect":[137,146],"1,":[140],"again":[141],"revealing":[142],"significant":[144],"positive":[145],"short":[149],"on":[152],"first-time":[153],"learners.":[155],"A":[156],"notable":[157],"feature":[158],"uncommented":[160],"they":[165],"do":[166,202],"not":[167,203],"offer":[168],"complete":[170,205],"method":[171],"specification":[172],"performance":[175,200],"any":[177],"tasks.":[178],"face":[181],"limitation,":[184],"their":[185],"success":[186],"instructions":[188],"can":[189],"perhaps":[190],"best":[191],"understood":[193],"terms":[195],"psychological":[197],"models":[198],"demand":[204],"cognitive":[206],"encoding":[207],"plans":[209],"methods.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
