{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028012557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90006-2","title":"Field testing a natural-language information system: usage characteristics and users' comments","display_name":"Field testing a natural-language information system: usage characteristics and users' comments","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028012557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90006-2","mag":"2028012557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0953-5438(92)90006-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90006-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111377517","display_name":"Andrew S. Patrick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151552","display_name":"Communications Research Centre Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05dybt340","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew S Patrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Behavioural Research, Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8S2","Division of Behavioural Research, Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8S2. Tel: (613) 990-4675. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Behavioural Research, Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8S2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Behavioural Research, Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8S2. Tel: (613) 990-4675. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111894155","display_name":"Thomas E. Whalen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151552","display_name":"Communications Research Centre Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05dybt340","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas E Whalen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Behavioural Research, Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8S2","Division of Behavioural Research, Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8S2. Tel: (613) 990-4675. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Behavioural Research, Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8S2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Behavioural Research, Communications Research Centre, Department of Communications, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8S2. Tel: (613) 990-4675. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5582,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73565066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"218","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.5444170236587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5153388381004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4439123272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.3547397255897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.35458171367645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2748200297355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17279213666915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07904133200645447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.5444170236587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5153388381004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4439123272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3547397255897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.35458171367645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2748200297355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17279213666915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07904133200645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0953-5438(92)90006-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(92)90006-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23117883","display_name":"Interacting with Computers","issn_l":"0953-5438","issn":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interacting with Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979988854","https://openalex.org/W2002977755","https://openalex.org/W2079011874","https://openalex.org/W3143164195","https://openalex.org/W6675537818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"field":[1],"trial":[2,24],"was":[3,91,129,166],"conducted":[4],"to":[5,16,20,31,33,142,147,181],"test":[6],"a":[7,53,119,173],"natural-language":[8,175],"technology":[9],"developed":[10],"by":[11,102],"the":[12,21,44,73,76,81,88,99,103,111,115,126,144,160,169,182],"authors":[13],"(COMODA)":[14],"and":[15,29,38,65,75,87,138],"dispense":[17],"AIDS":[18,35,136],"information":[19,36,180],"public.":[22,183],"This":[23],"allowed":[25],"users":[26,104,112,123,153],"with":[27,108],"computers":[28],"modems":[30],"dial-in":[32],"an":[34,60,67,130],"system":[37,47,90,116,128,145,161,171,177],"ask":[39],"questions":[40],"or":[41],"browse":[42],"through":[43],"information.":[45],"The":[46,57,122,152],"received":[48],"nearly":[49],"500":[50],"calls":[51,58],"during":[52],"two":[54],"month":[55],"period.":[56],"lasted":[59],"average":[61,68],"of":[62,69,80,110,133],"10":[63],"minutes":[64],"involved":[66],"27":[70],"interactions":[71,82],"between":[72],"user":[74],"computer.":[77],"Approximately":[78],"45%":[79],"were":[83,105],"direct":[84],"naturallanguage":[85],"questions,":[86],"COMODA":[89,127,170],"quite":[92],"successful":[93],"in":[94],"answering":[95],"these":[96],"questions.":[97],"Also,":[98],"comments":[100],"left":[101],"extremely":[106],"positive,":[107],"96%":[109],"who":[113],"rated":[114],"giving":[117],"it":[118],"positive":[120],"rating.":[121],"commented":[124],"that":[125,168],"easy-to-use":[131],"method":[132],"accessing":[134],"valuable":[135],"information,":[137],"they":[139],"would":[140],"like":[141],"see":[143],"expanded":[146],"cover":[148],"more":[149],"topic":[150],"areas.":[151],"also":[154],"made":[155],"useful":[156],"suggestions":[157],"on":[158],"how":[159],"could":[162],"be":[163],"improved.":[164],"It":[165],"concluded":[167],"is":[172],"viable":[174],"access":[176],"for":[178],"presenting":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}