{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053589531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(96)81915-0","title":"Dynamically adding symbolically meaningful nodes to knowledge-based neural networks","display_name":"Dynamically adding symbolically meaningful nodes to knowledge-based neural networks","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053589531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(96)81915-0","mag":"2053589531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0950-7051(96)81915-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(96)81915-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10169007","display_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0950-7051","issn":["0950-7051","1872-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/59920/1/TR1246.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076054584","display_name":"David W. Pitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David W. Pitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058270794","display_name":"Jude Shavlik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jude W. Shavlik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1210 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076054584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":{"value":3130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3130},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9347,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91280026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"301","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7760134935379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6672791242599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6460136771202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.6427217721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6028822660446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-theory","display_name":"Domain theory","score":0.5923684239387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5684818029403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.5456761121749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.5434236526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4682534635066986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4289487898349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.41972529888153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3544701933860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14147591590881348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7760134935379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6672791242599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6460136771202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.6427217721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6028822660446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29585364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079166","display_name":"Domain theory","level":2,"score":0.5923684239387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5684818029403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.5456761121749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5434236526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4682534635066986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4289487898349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.41972529888153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3544701933860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14147591590881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0950-7051(96)81915-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(96)81915-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10169007","display_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0950-7051","issn":["0950-7051","1872-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:minds.wisconsin.edu:1793/59920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/59920","pdf_url":"https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/59920/1/TR1246.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401622","display_name":"Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:minds.wisconsin.edu:1793/59920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/59920","pdf_url":"https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/59920/1/TR1246.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401622","display_name":"Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053589531.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3748936","https://openalex.org/W39474741","https://openalex.org/W53470755","https://openalex.org/W131552660","https://openalex.org/W145476170","https://openalex.org/W179133882","https://openalex.org/W1480227029","https://openalex.org/W1488252886","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1874739755","https://openalex.org/W1970185999","https://openalex.org/W1973911979","https://openalex.org/W1989574962","https://openalex.org/W1989789052","https://openalex.org/W1999645825","https://openalex.org/W2009784977","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2037689320","https://openalex.org/W2039651682","https://openalex.org/W2046595011","https://openalex.org/W2050414686","https://openalex.org/W2106596127","https://openalex.org/W2109779438","https://openalex.org/W2111051539","https://openalex.org/W2114720696","https://openalex.org/W2128033389","https://openalex.org/W2129626601","https://openalex.org/W2138030009","https://openalex.org/W2147299889","https://openalex.org/W2147684693","https://openalex.org/W2156255805","https://openalex.org/W2159435100","https://openalex.org/W2164359548","https://openalex.org/W2165520550","https://openalex.org/W2599276638","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W3207021134","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4242861367","https://openalex.org/W4244296837","https://openalex.org/W4244318493","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600129681","https://openalex.org/W6601591899","https://openalex.org/W6601686755","https://openalex.org/W6602167612","https://openalex.org/W6605323684","https://openalex.org/W6605963037","https://openalex.org/W6607341555","https://openalex.org/W6628734031","https://openalex.org/W6629403180","https://openalex.org/W6639238761","https://openalex.org/W6676553272","https://openalex.org/W6677340584","https://openalex.org/W6681810819","https://openalex.org/W6682074832","https://openalex.org/W6682591960","https://openalex.org/W6682610290","https://openalex.org/W6683857698","https://openalex.org/W6684185293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385621242","https://openalex.org/W2367629516","https://openalex.org/W2086580554","https://openalex.org/W2553860513","https://openalex.org/W1986001501","https://openalex.org/W2353740909","https://openalex.org/W2475408106","https://openalex.org/W2099034483","https://openalex.org/W2592721119","https://openalex.org/W4386298164"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}