{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029497135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(88)90001-9","title":"Knowledge engineering in design","display_name":"Knowledge engineering in design","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029497135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(88)90001-9","mag":"2029497135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0950-7051(88)90001-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(88)90001-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10169007","display_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0950-7051","issn":["0950-7051","1872-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084460558","display_name":"Varol Akman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-5315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341640284","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/00x7ekv49","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284","https://openalex.org/I2800991832"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Varol Akman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Kruislaan413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands","Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam, Netherlands#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Kruislaan413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam, Netherlands#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087870146","display_name":"Paul ten Hagen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341640284","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/00x7ekv49","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284","https://openalex.org/I2800991832"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul ten Hagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Kruislaan413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands","Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam, Netherlands#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Kruislaan413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam, Netherlands#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060024628","display_name":"Jan Rogier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341640284","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/00x7ekv49","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284","https://openalex.org/I2800991832"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Rogier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Kruislaan413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands","Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam, Netherlands#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Kruislaan413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam, Netherlands#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060518624","display_name":"Paul Veerkamp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341640284","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/00x7ekv49","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284","https://openalex.org/I2800991832"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Veerkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Kruislaan413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands","Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam, Netherlands#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Kruislaan413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Interactive Systems, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam, Netherlands#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084460558"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"],"apc_list":{"value":3130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3130},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87275683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"67","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7120716571807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.6031931638717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.5824089050292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5032479166984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.4617258906364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.45617908239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-knowledge","display_name":"Commonsense knowledge","score":0.4552355110645294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-knowledge","display_name":"Design knowledge","score":0.42861056327819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-systems","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","score":0.41946446895599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4004653990268707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38163337111473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12086856365203857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7120716571807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.6031931638717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5824089050292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5032479166984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.4617258906364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.45617908239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30542707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1603203","display_name":"Commonsense knowledge","level":3,"score":0.4552355110645294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264352","display_name":"Design knowledge","level":3,"score":0.42861056327819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.41946446895599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4004653990268707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38163337111473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12086856365203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0950-7051(88)90001-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(88)90001-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10169007","display_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","issn_l":"0950-7051","issn":["0950-7051","1872-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge-Based Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751752","https://openalex.org/W137090532","https://openalex.org/W162330163","https://openalex.org/W1481488617","https://openalex.org/W1492582005","https://openalex.org/W1523761582","https://openalex.org/W1531543048","https://openalex.org/W1567560921","https://openalex.org/W1587166076","https://openalex.org/W1696262277","https://openalex.org/W1859606466","https://openalex.org/W1864286575","https://openalex.org/W1976303542","https://openalex.org/W2000337664","https://openalex.org/W2006766462","https://openalex.org/W2017103958","https://openalex.org/W2054699624","https://openalex.org/W2060387185","https://openalex.org/W2062719791","https://openalex.org/W2085702524","https://openalex.org/W2108686520","https://openalex.org/W2123091770","https://openalex.org/W2163832616","https://openalex.org/W2169602487","https://openalex.org/W2175268987","https://openalex.org/W2316776931","https://openalex.org/W2325945387","https://openalex.org/W2581313014","https://openalex.org/W2587358549","https://openalex.org/W2588605575","https://openalex.org/W2912848477","https://openalex.org/W3129277215","https://openalex.org/W3157301371","https://openalex.org/W4254273386","https://openalex.org/W4302559253","https://openalex.org/W6606612091","https://openalex.org/W6628897259","https://openalex.org/W6631496868","https://openalex.org/W6631976259","https://openalex.org/W6671837902","https://openalex.org/W6676365465","https://openalex.org/W6678067405","https://openalex.org/W6679865203","https://openalex.org/W6683970438","https://openalex.org/W6732740359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979978247","https://openalex.org/W1838463810","https://openalex.org/W3045387744","https://openalex.org/W1550883778","https://openalex.org/W2405862915","https://openalex.org/W2126191795","https://openalex.org/W248531889","https://openalex.org/W2116633399","https://openalex.org/W2294170235","https://openalex.org/W2158192661"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}