{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068412593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(96)00086-0","title":"Generalized Hopfield networks for associative memories with multi-valued stable states","display_name":"Generalized Hopfield networks for associative memories with multi-valued stable states","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068412593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(96)00086-0","mag":"2068412593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0925-2312(96)00086-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(96)00086-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015925094","display_name":"Jacek M. \u017burada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-534X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacek M. Zurada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090078425","display_name":"I. Cloete","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Cloete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021556687","display_name":"Etienne van der Poel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-829X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Etienne van der Poel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015925094"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":{"value":2470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5664,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76773997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2-4","first_page":"135","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14438","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Research Methods","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hopfield-network","display_name":"Hopfield network","score":0.7908890247344971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.7489410638809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saddle-point","display_name":"Saddle point","score":0.7025061249732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.6285067200660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflection-point","display_name":"Inflection point","score":0.5465471744537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.5245057344436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.504459023475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4959171712398529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.48686379194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4716609716415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.467826783657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.4612528085708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4408126771450043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.42159345746040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.4198172986507416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41274788975715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3982160687446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3802214562892914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2006099820137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.17724382877349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14003044366836548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46421273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407668","display_name":"Hopfield network","level":3,"score":0.7908890247344971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.7489410638809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2681867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690935","display_name":"Saddle point","level":2,"score":0.7025061249732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.6285067200660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74545648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212794","display_name":"Inflection point","level":2,"score":0.5465471744537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.5245057344436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.504459023475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4959171712398529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.48686379194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4716609716415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.467826783657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.4612528085708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4408126771450043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.42159345746040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.4198172986507416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41274788975715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3982160687446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3802214562892914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2006099820137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.17724382877349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14003044366836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0925-2312(96)00086-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(96)00086-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531857721","https://openalex.org/W1658355140","https://openalex.org/W1785177813","https://openalex.org/W2010526455","https://openalex.org/W2035213820","https://openalex.org/W2099063429","https://openalex.org/W2106501603","https://openalex.org/W2112246162","https://openalex.org/W2169095995","https://openalex.org/W4229610020","https://openalex.org/W6636726776","https://openalex.org/W6638245013","https://openalex.org/W6676220583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144581752","https://openalex.org/W1536116856","https://openalex.org/W4321273133","https://openalex.org/W2147932521","https://openalex.org/W1560986979","https://openalex.org/W2065708628","https://openalex.org/W1863343919","https://openalex.org/W4220712998","https://openalex.org/W3087113781","https://openalex.org/W3091237178"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
