{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044624882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(94)90006-x","title":"Live neural network formations on electronic chips","display_name":"Live neural network formations on electronic chips","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044624882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(94)90006-x","mag":"2044624882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0925-2312(94)90006-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(94)90006-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091644560","display_name":"Harold Szu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold Szu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Neural Network Society, 1250 24 Street, NW Washington DC 20037, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Neural Network Society, 1250 24 Street, NW Washington DC 20037, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100608898","display_name":"Jung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-6325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143663144","display_name":"Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/022qmyy53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538","https://openalex.org/I143663144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Computer Studies, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Computer Studies, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143663144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087164584","display_name":"Insook Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-2394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8616870","display_name":"Southwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gj63w50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8616870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insook Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8616870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100608898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143663144"],"apc_list":{"value":2470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14860246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"5-6","first_page":"551","last_page":"564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7659749388694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebbian-theory","display_name":"Hebbian theory","score":0.7000185251235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6573219299316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurite","display_name":"Neurite","score":0.6509140133857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.6313854455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4824657738208771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-map","display_name":"Self-organizing map","score":0.4503622055053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.41249018907546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.38517680764198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2097853720188141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19402754306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1926569938659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10907885432243347}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7659749388694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111437709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277874","display_name":"Hebbian theory","level":3,"score":0.7000185251235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6573219299316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113246987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1534415","display_name":"Neurite","level":3,"score":0.6509140133857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.6313854455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4824657738208771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111168008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136838","display_name":"Self-organizing map","level":3,"score":0.4503622055053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.41249018907546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.38517680764198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2097853720188141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19402754306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1926569938659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10907885432243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0925-2312(94)90006-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-2312(94)90006-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45693802","display_name":"Neurocomputing","issn_l":"0925-2312","issn":["0925-2312","1872-8286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurocomputing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605417834","https://openalex.org/W1934147889","https://openalex.org/W1964476192","https://openalex.org/W1973512372","https://openalex.org/W1990864164","https://openalex.org/W1996940538","https://openalex.org/W2003243598","https://openalex.org/W2011326060","https://openalex.org/W2022333139","https://openalex.org/W2034379792","https://openalex.org/W2047143441","https://openalex.org/W2051128223","https://openalex.org/W4233126096","https://openalex.org/W6649244406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043182207","https://openalex.org/W2366233132","https://openalex.org/W2001779036","https://openalex.org/W2766738238","https://openalex.org/W4211170404","https://openalex.org/W1460773300","https://openalex.org/W2008631997","https://openalex.org/W2134133984","https://openalex.org/W3139236568","https://openalex.org/W2049523839"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}