{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053987251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00086-0","title":"Extraction of rules from discrete-time recurrent neural networks","display_name":"Extraction of rules from discrete-time recurrent neural networks","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053987251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00086-0","mag":"2053987251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0893-6080(95)00086-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00086-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030608087","display_name":"Christian W. Omlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0299-171X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian W. Omlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Research Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Research Institute, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001294898","display_name":"C. Lee Giles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-585X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C.Lee Giles","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Research Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Research Institute, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001294898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":190,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9904133,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8078563809394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar-induction","display_name":"Grammar induction","score":0.6651629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.5947213768959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5918630361557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5722445249557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.54475998878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.5227203965187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5193116068840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5050821900367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.4748433232307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.4692186117172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.44081878662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43330925703048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34590235352516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28322386741638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.22614330053329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14010363817214966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8078563809394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56601403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593673","display_name":"Grammar induction","level":3,"score":0.6651629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.5947213768959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5918630361557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5722445249557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.54475998878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.5227203965187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5193116068840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5050821900367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.4748433232307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.4692186117172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.44081878662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43330925703048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34590235352516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28322386741638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.22614330053329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14010363817214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0893-6080(95)00086-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00086-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.147.3698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.147.3698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://clgiles.ist.psu.edu/papers/NN-1996-rule-extraction.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Technical Report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60533568","https://openalex.org/W571984228","https://openalex.org/W1481907359","https://openalex.org/W1874739755","https://openalex.org/W1982370770","https://openalex.org/W1990813072","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2010315176","https://openalex.org/W2013816767","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2017603160","https://openalex.org/W2061079066","https://openalex.org/W2066815061","https://openalex.org/W2068036649","https://openalex.org/W2071906671","https://openalex.org/W2072160811","https://openalex.org/W2088203270","https://openalex.org/W2102059542","https://openalex.org/W2103420263","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2116664051","https://openalex.org/W2121553911","https://openalex.org/W2127342049","https://openalex.org/W2133671888","https://openalex.org/W2133688510","https://openalex.org/W2149359396","https://openalex.org/W2153827974","https://openalex.org/W2156960699","https://openalex.org/W2165301751","https://openalex.org/W2532851845","https://openalex.org/W3003694668","https://openalex.org/W3145013517","https://openalex.org/W4247844322","https://openalex.org/W4248617740","https://openalex.org/W4302339081","https://openalex.org/W6639238761","https://openalex.org/W6667329600","https://openalex.org/W6672596321","https://openalex.org/W6675268003","https://openalex.org/W6677221974","https://openalex.org/W6678949843","https://openalex.org/W6729252715","https://openalex.org/W6829931603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W127357700","https://openalex.org/W2724597727","https://openalex.org/W1480528870","https://openalex.org/W2508541108","https://openalex.org/W4243191745","https://openalex.org/W2315419748","https://openalex.org/W1524177496","https://openalex.org/W1029445510","https://openalex.org/W4312340169","https://openalex.org/W1982370770"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}