{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021915249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00050-x","title":"Neural networks for automatic target recognition","display_name":"Neural networks for automatic target recognition","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021915249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00050-x","mag":"2021915249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0893-6080(95)00050-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00050-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072800190","display_name":"Steven K. Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-453X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven K. Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073670182","display_name":"John M. Colombi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9645-1372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Colombi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114245783","display_name":"Curtis E. Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Curtis E. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022149720","display_name":"James C. Gainey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James C. Gainey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111676586","display_name":"Ken H. Fielding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken H. Fielding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103449479","display_name":"Tom J. Burns","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom J. Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113625138","display_name":"Dennis W. Ruck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis W. Ruck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010845975","display_name":"Matthew Kabrisky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Kabrisky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004023281","display_name":"Mark E. Oxley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Oxley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","Air Force Institute of Technology USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072800190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9594714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"7-8","first_page":"1153","last_page":"1184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.9139256477355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7521708011627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7515056729316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7164637446403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6023311614990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5737528204917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5455968976020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.510651171207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.4953716993331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.482133150100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43542250990867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4123919606208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12457498908042908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.9139256477355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7521708011627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7515056729316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7164637446403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6023311614990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5737528204917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5455968976020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.510651171207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.4953716993331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.482133150100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43542250990867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4123919606208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12457498908042908}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0893-6080(95)00050-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00050-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17361091","https://openalex.org/W102612133","https://openalex.org/W234198960","https://openalex.org/W243382540","https://openalex.org/W324173574","https://openalex.org/W1494668771","https://openalex.org/W1495582411","https://openalex.org/W1515544510","https://openalex.org/W1524957609","https://openalex.org/W1535810436","https://openalex.org/W1559536185","https://openalex.org/W1563815950","https://openalex.org/W1564403559","https://openalex.org/W1572936176","https://openalex.org/W1573503290","https://openalex.org/W1581253957","https://openalex.org/W1597732836","https://openalex.org/W1599512561","https://openalex.org/W1973720487","https://openalex.org/W1975346765","https://openalex.org/W1980501707","https://openalex.org/W1982063216","https://openalex.org/W1982921451","https://openalex.org/W1983963519","https://openalex.org/W1986133136","https://openalex.org/W1989584148","https://openalex.org/W1996773027","https://openalex.org/W2004075725","https://openalex.org/W2007431958","https://openalex.org/W2007857129","https://openalex.org/W2014930018","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2019042019","https://openalex.org/W2021915249","https://openalex.org/W2028954909","https://openalex.org/W2034354530","https://openalex.org/W2044422789","https://openalex.org/W2047870719","https://openalex.org/W2048060899","https://openalex.org/W2049093093","https://openalex.org/W2052042434","https://openalex.org/W2053517339","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2058039342","https://openalex.org/W2058580716","https://openalex.org/W2061450744","https://openalex.org/W2062578397","https://openalex.org/W2063828409","https://openalex.org/W2066258870","https://openalex.org/W2069060155","https://openalex.org/W2086472796","https://openalex.org/W2098914003","https://openalex.org/W2104561942","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2105727046","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2111899651","https://openalex.org/W2114766824","https://openalex.org/W2117315490","https://openalex.org/W2117671523","https://openalex.org/W2118496821","https://openalex.org/W2121553911","https://openalex.org/W2123452176","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2129181505","https://openalex.org/W2132666354","https://openalex.org/W2134267682","https://openalex.org/W2134383396","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2141278204","https://openalex.org/W2141899961","https://openalex.org/W2143503258","https://openalex.org/W2146403040","https://openalex.org/W2148100532","https://openalex.org/W2149593394","https://openalex.org/W2154853291","https://openalex.org/W2160633256","https://openalex.org/W2161278885","https://openalex.org/W2164001754","https://openalex.org/W2165758113","https://openalex.org/W2166982406","https://openalex.org/W2167462730","https://openalex.org/W2177690825","https://openalex.org/W2322002063","https://openalex.org/W2480277064","https://openalex.org/W2611936517","https://openalex.org/W2724726031","https://openalex.org/W2998354982","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3121926921","https://openalex.org/W3145013517","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4233714438","https://openalex.org/W4246748150","https://openalex.org/W4251898713","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292676217","https://openalex.org/W6600703085","https://openalex.org/W6609151292","https://openalex.org/W6609422759","https://openalex.org/W6611115251","https://openalex.org/W6629608603","https://openalex.org/W6629681788","https://openalex.org/W6631492712","https://openalex.org/W6632223199","https://openalex.org/W6633759321","https://openalex.org/W6634288218","https://openalex.org/W6652654479","https://openalex.org/W6658938207","https://openalex.org/W6675720918","https://openalex.org/W6675793312","https://openalex.org/W6677629401","https://openalex.org/W6678615056","https://openalex.org/W6680096781","https://openalex.org/W6680714732","https://openalex.org/W6683136239","https://openalex.org/W6684791315","https://openalex.org/W6833315846","https://openalex.org/W7008091995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2517104666","https://openalex.org/W2085350532","https://openalex.org/W2005437358","https://openalex.org/W1669643531","https://openalex.org/W2008656436","https://openalex.org/W2134924024","https://openalex.org/W2543161807","https://openalex.org/W1964120219","https://openalex.org/W4307321645","https://openalex.org/W2766300339"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
