{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090443183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00037-2","title":"An adaptive neural network: Application to character recognition on x-ray films","display_name":"An adaptive neural network: Application to character recognition on x-ray films","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090443183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00037-2","mag":"2090443183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0893-6080(95)00037-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00037-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062148063","display_name":"Akira Hasegawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-3061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903593","display_name":"Georgetown University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00hjz7x27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akira Hasegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University Medical Center USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University Medical Center USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903593","https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050403408","display_name":"Kenji Shibata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-6250"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Shibata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Univ. (USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Univ. (USA)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100866512","display_name":"Kazuyoshi Itoh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuyoshi Itoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Univ. (USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Univ. (USA)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063261423","display_name":"Yoshiki Ichioka","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshiki Ichioka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Univ. (USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Univ. (USA)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061703751","display_name":"Kiyonari Inamura","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyonari Inamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Univ. (USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Univ. (USA)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062148063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670","https://openalex.org/I2799903593"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4975,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70653007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"121","last_page":"127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7080225348472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6300287246704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.594959020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5799852609634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5381197929382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4979078769683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16429740190505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13792672753334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0661836564540863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7080225348472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6300287246704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.594959020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5799852609634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5381197929382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4979078769683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16429740190505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13792672753334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0661836564540863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0893-6080(95)00037-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00037-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123019304","display_name":"Neural Networks","issn_l":"0893-6080","issn":["0893-6080","1879-2782"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987095395","https://openalex.org/W2010062002","https://openalex.org/W2027292246","https://openalex.org/W2055913343","https://openalex.org/W2074624079","https://openalex.org/W2118649542","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2162488714","https://openalex.org/W2165758113","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W3000638139","https://openalex.org/W4253020087","https://openalex.org/W6652842821","https://openalex.org/W6682610290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393609567","https://openalex.org/W2369369044","https://openalex.org/W1503216044","https://openalex.org/W2354143083","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W2807727799","https://openalex.org/W2106936331","https://openalex.org/W1985626581","https://openalex.org/W2321008539"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}