{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024882794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-613x(89)90004-2","title":"Approximate reasoning and prototypical knowledge","display_name":"Approximate reasoning and prototypical knowledge","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024882794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-613x(89)90004-2","mag":"2024882794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0888-613x(89)90004-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-613x(89)90004-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33368595","display_name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","issn_l":"0888-613X","issn":["0888-613X","1873-4731"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112713365","display_name":"Pietro Torasso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Torasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita' di Torino, Torino, Italy","Universita\u0300 Di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita' di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita\u0300 Di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000149450","display_name":"Luca Console","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-5622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Console","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita' di Torino, Torino, Italy","Universita\u0300 Di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita' di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita\u0300 Di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112713365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"],"apc_list":{"value":2960,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2960},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9303091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"157","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation-formalisms-in-three-dimensions","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","score":0.9228552579879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.7196297645568848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6808671951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6090696454048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5850479006767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5495849251747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5270940065383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44568973779678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38014620542526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2771347165107727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171018156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","level":2,"score":0.9228552579879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.7196297645568848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6808671951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6090696454048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5850479006767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5495849251747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5270940065383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44568973779678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38014620542526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2771347165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0888-613x(89)90004-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-613x(89)90004-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33368595","display_name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","issn_l":"0888-613X","issn":["0888-613X","1873-4731"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147234892","https://openalex.org/W1527127371","https://openalex.org/W1885527984","https://openalex.org/W1964679164","https://openalex.org/W1970185999","https://openalex.org/W1973309770","https://openalex.org/W1980257930","https://openalex.org/W1992204783","https://openalex.org/W2019950953","https://openalex.org/W2032511848","https://openalex.org/W2046335762","https://openalex.org/W2048288497","https://openalex.org/W2056296374","https://openalex.org/W2071039357","https://openalex.org/W2076631991","https://openalex.org/W2088671877","https://openalex.org/W2102689644","https://openalex.org/W2110293626","https://openalex.org/W2115164315","https://openalex.org/W2127140110","https://openalex.org/W2137914532","https://openalex.org/W2159525276","https://openalex.org/W2159853262","https://openalex.org/W2175268987","https://openalex.org/W2894137210","https://openalex.org/W2915007872","https://openalex.org/W3196332710","https://openalex.org/W4230588984","https://openalex.org/W4230806689","https://openalex.org/W4245349101","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6653564364","https://openalex.org/W6664296547","https://openalex.org/W6669489219","https://openalex.org/W6678067405","https://openalex.org/W6679196470","https://openalex.org/W6758569832","https://openalex.org/W6821371934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096409361","https://openalex.org/W2147150441","https://openalex.org/W2023896637","https://openalex.org/W2035817796","https://openalex.org/W2911477764","https://openalex.org/W2024882794","https://openalex.org/W1560965973","https://openalex.org/W159197144","https://openalex.org/W2109995065","https://openalex.org/W2002758009"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}