{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043031351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(87)90014-8","title":"The algorithm designer versus nature: A game-theoretic approach to information-based complexity","display_name":"The algorithm designer versus nature: A game-theoretic approach to information-based complexity","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043031351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(87)90014-8","mag":"2043031351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0885-064x(87)90014-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(87)90014-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42286584","display_name":"Journal of Complexity","issn_l":"0885-064X","issn":["0885-064X","1090-2708"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042405440","display_name":"Edward W. Packel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162514690","display_name":"Lake Forest College","ror":"https://ror.org/04rmtzr09","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162514690"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward W Packel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Studies, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, USA","Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Studies, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162514690"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162514690"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042405440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162514690"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17751283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"244","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13720","display_name":"Benford\u2019s Law and Fraud Detection","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infimum-and-supremum","display_name":"Infimum and supremum","score":0.8424627184867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.693169355392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.522515058517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44738438725471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-game-theory","display_name":"Algorithmic game theory","score":0.43353480100631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.418049693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3443021774291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3331391215324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32213228940963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23254680633544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.22524163126945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.2050517499446869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95611797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17502105","display_name":"Infimum and supremum","level":2,"score":0.8424627184867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.693169355392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.522515058517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44738438725471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69663246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623221","display_name":"Algorithmic game theory","level":4,"score":0.43353480100631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.418049693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3443021774291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3331391215324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32213228940963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23254680633544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.22524163126945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.2050517499446869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0885-064x(87)90014-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(87)90014-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42286584","display_name":"Journal of Complexity","issn_l":"0885-064X","issn":["0885-064X","1090-2708"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583497601","https://openalex.org/W1972373207","https://openalex.org/W2017309389","https://openalex.org/W2019405415","https://openalex.org/W2023146810","https://openalex.org/W2041660482","https://openalex.org/W2059944969","https://openalex.org/W2068169430","https://openalex.org/W2068251904","https://openalex.org/W2075567596","https://openalex.org/W2133894365","https://openalex.org/W2137224975","https://openalex.org/W2144846366","https://openalex.org/W2800422786","https://openalex.org/W3015469787","https://openalex.org/W3027820740","https://openalex.org/W3200447518","https://openalex.org/W4253200676","https://openalex.org/W6656363810","https://openalex.org/W6667344366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901478555","https://openalex.org/W4362670411","https://openalex.org/W2069037520","https://openalex.org/W3125329985","https://openalex.org/W3122737855","https://openalex.org/W3164343534","https://openalex.org/W4378673157","https://openalex.org/W2911145752","https://openalex.org/W4214679513","https://openalex.org/W3005060913"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}