{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017309389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(86)90002-6","title":"Information of varying cardinality","display_name":"Information of varying cardinality","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017309389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(86)90002-6","mag":"2017309389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0885-064x(86)90002-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(86)90002-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42286584","display_name":"Journal of Complexity","issn_l":"0885-064X","issn":["0885-064X","1090-2708"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108821523","display_name":"G.W. Wasilkowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G.W Wasilkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108821523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97927017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"204","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10545","display_name":"Optimization and Variational Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10545","display_name":"Optimization and Variational Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.9606022834777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.7223179936408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separable-space","display_name":"Separable space","score":0.6579568386077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/banach-space","display_name":"Banach space","score":0.5667345523834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5602211356163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.480185866355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.41789355874061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.41013389825820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3397161662578583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1820148229598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1175568699836731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.9606022834777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.7223179936408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.6579568386077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132954091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194397","display_name":"Banach space","level":2,"score":0.5667345523834229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5602211356163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.480185866355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.41789355874061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.41013389825820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3397161662578583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1820148229598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1175568699836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0885-064x(86)90002-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(86)90002-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42286584","display_name":"Journal of Complexity","issn_l":"0885-064X","issn":["0885-064X","1090-2708"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88263957","https://openalex.org/W1499479569","https://openalex.org/W1574325681","https://openalex.org/W1583497601","https://openalex.org/W1966871317","https://openalex.org/W1976232523","https://openalex.org/W1980738079","https://openalex.org/W1986693022","https://openalex.org/W1996235018","https://openalex.org/W2000169527","https://openalex.org/W2006258746","https://openalex.org/W2027915600","https://openalex.org/W2031965247","https://openalex.org/W2037621316","https://openalex.org/W2048357906","https://openalex.org/W2059944969","https://openalex.org/W2068251904","https://openalex.org/W2081256462","https://openalex.org/W2086659717","https://openalex.org/W2098826948","https://openalex.org/W2133894365","https://openalex.org/W2149205277","https://openalex.org/W2153190668","https://openalex.org/W2333471939","https://openalex.org/W2797328151","https://openalex.org/W4249301842","https://openalex.org/W4301106181","https://openalex.org/W6629818384","https://openalex.org/W6634272290","https://openalex.org/W6679880819","https://openalex.org/W6921649231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4301878941","https://openalex.org/W1588483307","https://openalex.org/W1966764432","https://openalex.org/W2004145558","https://openalex.org/W4296589634","https://openalex.org/W2043665709","https://openalex.org/W2031593995","https://openalex.org/W1557987663","https://openalex.org/W2165957982","https://openalex.org/W1983139066"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}