{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996734723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-189x(83)90099-3","title":"Using shadows in finding surface orientations","display_name":"Using shadows in finding surface orientations","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996734723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-189x(83)90099-3","mag":"1996734723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0734-189x(83)90099-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-189x(83)90099-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212310","display_name":"Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing","issn_l":"0734-189X","issn":["0734-189X","1557-895X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112177602","display_name":"Steven A. Shafer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven A Shafer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA","Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057924291","display_name":"Takeo Kanade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-6853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeo Kanade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA","Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112177602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98486526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"145","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.7790588140487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyhedron","display_name":"Polyhedron","score":0.7080584764480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.6936837434768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5863759517669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5789657235145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5215979814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.5195334553718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49049657583236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4803513288497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4800185263156891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43101391196250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.41268640756607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3577932119369507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7790588140487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54829058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172937","display_name":"Polyhedron","level":2,"score":0.7080584764480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6936837434768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5863759517669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5789657235145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5215979814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.5195334553718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49049657583236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4803513288497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4800185263156891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43101391196250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.41268640756607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3577932119369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0734-189x(83)90099-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-189x(83)90099-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212310","display_name":"Computer Vision Graphics and Image Processing","issn_l":"0734-189X","issn":["0734-189X","1557-895X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751752","https://openalex.org/W34885787","https://openalex.org/W39428922","https://openalex.org/W647118412","https://openalex.org/W1499545388","https://openalex.org/W1548474743","https://openalex.org/W1597474747","https://openalex.org/W1664935735","https://openalex.org/W1854022302","https://openalex.org/W1987027398","https://openalex.org/W1996734723","https://openalex.org/W2042119491","https://openalex.org/W2085390747","https://openalex.org/W2088093343","https://openalex.org/W2112316335","https://openalex.org/W2137788315","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601424136","https://openalex.org/W6630078223","https://openalex.org/W6635490985","https://openalex.org/W6639002071","https://openalex.org/W6676660687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916043681","https://openalex.org/W2896131632","https://openalex.org/W2522231841","https://openalex.org/W2391438543","https://openalex.org/W2008231869","https://openalex.org/W323119424","https://openalex.org/W2551069560","https://openalex.org/W1972258194","https://openalex.org/W2997473813","https://openalex.org/W2062621793"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
