{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051743327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(85)90055-x","title":"Lotka's law: A testing procedure","display_name":"Lotka's law: A testing procedure","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051743327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(85)90055-x","mag":"2051743327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0306-4573(85)90055-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(85)90055-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108233876","display_name":"Miranda Lee Pao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99484792","display_name":"Baxter (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02d6ew870","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99484792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miranda Lee Pao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Matthew A. Baxter School of Information and Library Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Matthew A. Baxter School of Information and Library Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616","https://openalex.org/I99484792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108233876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616","https://openalex.org/I99484792"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":264,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98224255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"305","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9391000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.902400016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponent","display_name":"Exponent","score":0.7286858558654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5896425247192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-law","display_name":"Power law","score":0.5547234416007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.5452888011932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5061895251274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5057680606842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.5050442814826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4887208938598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.47362440824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-square-law","display_name":"Inverse-square law","score":0.4713703393936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square","display_name":"Square (algebra)","score":0.4499361515045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.43536317348480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.37933439016342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.3490632474422455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3351038992404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2751297354698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.23181560635566711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20984166860580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10006961226463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.07304370403289795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508","display_name":"Exponent","level":2,"score":0.7286858558654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5896425247192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87040749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428971","display_name":"Power law","level":2,"score":0.5547234416007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.5452888011932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5061895251274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5057680606842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5050442814826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4887208938598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.47362440824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38753444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333094","display_name":"Inverse-square law","level":3,"score":0.4713703393936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4499361515045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.43536317348480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.37933439016342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.3490632474422455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3351038992404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2751297354698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.23181560635566711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20984166860580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10006961226463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.07304370403289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0306-4573(85)90055-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(85)90055-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16776360","https://openalex.org/W64223453","https://openalex.org/W1546171873","https://openalex.org/W1821688283","https://openalex.org/W1981342820","https://openalex.org/W1999947562","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2019020697","https://openalex.org/W2067666666","https://openalex.org/W2071840056","https://openalex.org/W2108584103","https://openalex.org/W2108953344","https://openalex.org/W2111976725","https://openalex.org/W2166481425","https://openalex.org/W2170590572","https://openalex.org/W2463095032","https://openalex.org/W3144372880","https://openalex.org/W4238243588","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W6600706354","https://openalex.org/W6602640470","https://openalex.org/W6719649792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295977900","https://openalex.org/W2949340212","https://openalex.org/W2082994438","https://openalex.org/W2022705915","https://openalex.org/W2059589315","https://openalex.org/W4372280079","https://openalex.org/W1994753018","https://openalex.org/W2386091227","https://openalex.org/W4378214560","https://openalex.org/W2008499310"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
