{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005449203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(77)90005-x","title":"The probabilistic character of relevance","display_name":"The probabilistic character of relevance","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005449203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(77)90005-x","mag":"2005449203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0306-4573(77)90005-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(77)90005-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing & Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081925956","display_name":"Stephen Robertson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-6215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S.E. Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Library, Achive and Information Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Library, Achive and Information Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081925956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93785311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"247","last_page":"251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9373999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9046000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.8343406915664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.740696907043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judgement","display_name":"Judgement","score":0.7296898365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5530463457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-relevance-model","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","score":0.5458687543869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.43226560950279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.38457441329956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3205074071884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2555502653121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-analysis-of-algorithms","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","score":0.16830787062644958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10953885316848755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.8343406915664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.740696907043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12621536","display_name":"Judgement","level":2,"score":0.7296898365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5530463457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143017306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318133","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","level":4,"score":0.5458687543869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43226560950279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.38457441329956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3205074071884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2555502653121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24404364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246846","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","level":3,"score":0.16830787062644958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10953885316848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0306-4573(77)90005-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(77)90005-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174847851","display_name":"Information Processing & Management","issn_l":"0306-4573","issn":["0306-4573","1873-5371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Processing & Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W632006293","https://openalex.org/W1981065051","https://openalex.org/W2041687506","https://openalex.org/W2075745736","https://openalex.org/W2082729696","https://openalex.org/W2092488901","https://openalex.org/W6660952836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2529033802","https://openalex.org/W4238495367","https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W3149394920","https://openalex.org/W2039139411","https://openalex.org/W2147155098","https://openalex.org/W2066937537","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2225666389","https://openalex.org/W2133435578"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}