{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967580916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4379(85)90010-9","title":"A straightforward formalization of the relational model","display_name":"A straightforward formalization of the relational model","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967580916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4379(85)90010-9","mag":"1967580916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0306-4379(85)90010-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4379(85)90010-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193006928","display_name":"Information Systems","issn_l":"0306-4379","issn":["0306-4379","1873-6076"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078409065","display_name":"Timo Niemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-5223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Niemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tampere, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science, P.O. Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere 10, Finland","Univ. of Tampere, Tampere, Finland#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tampere, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science, P.O. Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere 10, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tampere, Tampere, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014374477","display_name":"Kalervo J\u00e4rvelin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-8930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalervo J\u00e4rvelin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tampere, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science, P.O. Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere 10, Finland","Univ. of Tampere, Tampere, Finland#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tampere, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science, P.O. Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere 10, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tampere, Tampere, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91112206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8474340438842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdm","display_name":"RDM","score":0.6793476343154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-model","display_name":"Relational model","score":0.5671740174293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.5575848817825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5359370112419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.47847744822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.47840389609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.43136030435562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-calculus","display_name":"Relational calculus","score":0.42710524797439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-model","display_name":"Data model (GIS)","score":0.42203304171562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codds-theorem","display_name":"Codd's theorem","score":0.4195469319820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32060813903808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2523952126502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15288063883781433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8474340438842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114965421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2069955","display_name":"RDM","level":2,"score":0.6793476343154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40207289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755662","display_name":"Relational model","level":3,"score":0.5671740174293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.5575848817825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5359370112419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.47847744822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.47840389609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43136030435562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99436015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1722436","display_name":"Relational calculus","level":4,"score":0.42710524797439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100463513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227322","display_name":"Data model (GIS)","level":2,"score":0.42203304171562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16739119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139948","display_name":"Codd's theorem","level":5,"score":0.4195469319820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32060813903808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2523952126502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15288063883781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0306-4379(85)90010-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4379(85)90010-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193006928","display_name":"Information Systems","issn_l":"0306-4379","issn":["0306-4379","1873-6076"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43035074","https://openalex.org/W47808154","https://openalex.org/W52829598","https://openalex.org/W127138704","https://openalex.org/W189103038","https://openalex.org/W1504707767","https://openalex.org/W1510398470","https://openalex.org/W1527953134","https://openalex.org/W1566656512","https://openalex.org/W1974358179","https://openalex.org/W1995840473","https://openalex.org/W2017251464","https://openalex.org/W2024799725","https://openalex.org/W2026299058","https://openalex.org/W2035272877","https://openalex.org/W2079588361","https://openalex.org/W2100245026","https://openalex.org/W2110810394","https://openalex.org/W2165467455","https://openalex.org/W2185907055","https://openalex.org/W2485448916","https://openalex.org/W2966001939","https://openalex.org/W6601749026","https://openalex.org/W6602188569","https://openalex.org/W6605123692","https://openalex.org/W6607717458","https://openalex.org/W6630299433","https://openalex.org/W6631393269","https://openalex.org/W6657003956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005835473","https://openalex.org/W2089781037","https://openalex.org/W2085988990","https://openalex.org/W2056340443","https://openalex.org/W2095263945","https://openalex.org/W2243465518","https://openalex.org/W1969375478","https://openalex.org/W60748262","https://openalex.org/W2110918077","https://openalex.org/W2338245571"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
