{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973834849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(91)90086-7","title":"An efficient four-phase heuristic for the generalized orienteering problem","display_name":"An efficient four-phase heuristic for the generalized orienteering problem","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973834849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(91)90086-7","mag":"1973834849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-0548(91)90086-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(91)90086-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110326807","display_name":"R. Ramesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, U.S.A","School of Management. State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management. State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050894132","display_name":"Kathleen M. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-5292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098367","display_name":"Highland Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00z9qkg54","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28792581","https://openalex.org/I4210098367","https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen M. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arthur Andersen & Co., Suite 1500, 1 Marine Midland Plaza, Rochester, NY 14604, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arthur Andersen & Co., Suite 1500, 1 Marine Midland Plaza, Rochester, NY 14604, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110326807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77841561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"151","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.965499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orienteering","display_name":"Orienteering","score":0.7939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.725712776184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7256711721420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.5724555253982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5542751550674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-geometry","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","score":0.5169779062271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5068896412849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.49936819076538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4887411594390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.4802396893501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.4515863060951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-path-method","display_name":"Critical path method","score":0.4351128339767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4204613268375397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.335751473903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1492055356502533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09774905443191528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513932644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29358","display_name":"Orienteering","level":2,"score":0.7939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.725712776184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7256711721420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.5724555253982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5542751550674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129782007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162886","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","level":2,"score":0.5169779062271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5068896412849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49936819076538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4887411594390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.4802396893501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.4515863060951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115874739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825377","display_name":"Critical path method","level":2,"score":0.4351128339767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4204613268375397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.335751473903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1492055356502533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09774905443191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-0548(91)90086-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(91)90086-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986056047","https://openalex.org/W1987043296","https://openalex.org/W1992991231","https://openalex.org/W1995037089","https://openalex.org/W2001521800","https://openalex.org/W2003281104","https://openalex.org/W2014979043","https://openalex.org/W2042986967","https://openalex.org/W2044701049","https://openalex.org/W2122396471","https://openalex.org/W2148673189","https://openalex.org/W2166013575","https://openalex.org/W6646971372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090152127","https://openalex.org/W1965169884","https://openalex.org/W3125580510","https://openalex.org/W2008939113","https://openalex.org/W2033213447","https://openalex.org/W1566651525","https://openalex.org/W14679004","https://openalex.org/W2977652649","https://openalex.org/W2318206461","https://openalex.org/W37157938"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
