{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059563348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(89)90033-6","title":"Alto: A computer system for the design of vehicle routing algorithms","display_name":"Alto: A computer system for the design of vehicle routing algorithms","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059563348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(89)90033-6","mag":"2059563348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-0548(89)90033-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(89)90033-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029193256","display_name":"Jean\u2010Yves Potvin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-4033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Yves Potvin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7","Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H3C 3J7"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H3C 3J7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004268705","display_name":"Guy Lapalme","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Lapalme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7","Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H3C 3J7"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H3C 3J7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110162515","display_name":"Jean\u2010Marc Rousseau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Marc Rousseau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7","Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H3C 3J7"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, Succ. \u201cA\u201d, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H3C 3J7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029193256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2975,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9099345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"451","last_page":"470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6457748413085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.514013409614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanities","display_name":"Humanities","score":0.48335880041122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.43722784519195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3636603355407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3275502920150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.244233638048172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6457748413085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.514013409614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.48335880041122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.43722784519195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3636603355407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3275502920150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.244233638048172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-0548(89)90033-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(89)90033-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62600334","https://openalex.org/W1981635406","https://openalex.org/W1992928037","https://openalex.org/W1997403587","https://openalex.org/W2003867145","https://openalex.org/W2015282392","https://openalex.org/W2022179164","https://openalex.org/W2043805634","https://openalex.org/W2068343681","https://openalex.org/W2108753073","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2147121149","https://openalex.org/W2163832616","https://openalex.org/W2168352450","https://openalex.org/W2473226552","https://openalex.org/W2956015669","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602535487","https://openalex.org/W6649647540","https://openalex.org/W6683970438","https://openalex.org/W6720984702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4245490552","https://openalex.org/W4225152035","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W1587224694","https://openalex.org/W2911598644","https://openalex.org/W2042127053"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}