{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031409011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(86)90052-3","title":"A flexible, polynomial-time, construction and improvement heuristic for the quadratic assignment problem","display_name":"A flexible, polynomial-time, construction and improvement heuristic for the quadratic assignment problem","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031409011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(86)90052-3","mag":"2031409011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-0548(86)90052-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(86)90052-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043357545","display_name":"Hanif D. Sherali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanif D. Sherali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A","Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035706935","display_name":"P. Rajgopal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Rajgopal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A","Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89878283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"587","last_page":"600"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8686500787734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.7503552436828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.7384362816810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6234715580940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-assignment-problem","display_name":"Quadratic assignment problem","score":0.6126342415809631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5556306838989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.49595746397972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4932712912559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.4444531500339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4250362515449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","score":0.3394826054573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30585139989852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2978166341781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11087015271186829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8686500787734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7503552436828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.7384362816810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6234715580940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98036226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268356","display_name":"Quadratic assignment problem","level":3,"score":0.6126342415809631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5556306838989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.49595746397972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4932712912559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.4444531500339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4250362515449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.3394826054573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30585139989852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2978166341781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11087015271186829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-0548(86)90052-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(86)90052-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173256270","display_name":"Computers & Operations Research","issn_l":"0305-0548","issn":["0305-0548","1873-765X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484140401","https://openalex.org/W1508380859","https://openalex.org/W1554451661","https://openalex.org/W1585869308","https://openalex.org/W1966081460","https://openalex.org/W1966712968","https://openalex.org/W1966953343","https://openalex.org/W1968778433","https://openalex.org/W1976764133","https://openalex.org/W1981081845","https://openalex.org/W2004229681","https://openalex.org/W2016445775","https://openalex.org/W2043896070","https://openalex.org/W2044348081","https://openalex.org/W2057461915","https://openalex.org/W2084512390","https://openalex.org/W2094924533","https://openalex.org/W2113135226","https://openalex.org/W2113355339","https://openalex.org/W2120583150","https://openalex.org/W2143990024","https://openalex.org/W2490622347","https://openalex.org/W2493726068","https://openalex.org/W2513129585","https://openalex.org/W3121235808","https://openalex.org/W6641601939","https://openalex.org/W7024671909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474680198","https://openalex.org/W146489555","https://openalex.org/W2547723219","https://openalex.org/W2015483401","https://openalex.org/W2023485317","https://openalex.org/W2013603106","https://openalex.org/W2060252799","https://openalex.org/W90296522","https://openalex.org/W1930648503","https://openalex.org/W2617471417"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T06:23:43.705686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}