{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086534829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(96)00244-7","title":"A shrinking lemma for indexed languages","display_name":"A shrinking lemma for indexed languages","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086534829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(96)00244-7","mag":"2086534829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(96)00244-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(96)00244-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040912618","display_name":"Robert H. Gilman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-0712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Gilman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA","Stevens Institute of Technology,Hoboken,NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stevens Institute of Technology,Hoboken,NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040912618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98551087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"163","issue":"1-2","first_page":"277","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13516","display_name":"Publishing and Scholarly Communication","score":0.7551000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13516","display_name":"Publishing and Scholarly Communication","score":0.7551000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.7502999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lemma","display_name":"Lemma (botany)","score":0.9245005249977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pumping-lemma-for-regular-languages","display_name":"Pumping lemma for regular languages","score":0.8865931034088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5206220149993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.36139804124832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3456844389438629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32041627168655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.23773661255836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","score":0.13891109824180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","score":0.05685824155807495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777759810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149316","display_name":"Lemma (botany)","level":3,"score":0.9245005249977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157968401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2292874","display_name":"Pumping lemma for regular languages","level":5,"score":0.8865931034088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5206220149993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.36139804124832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3456844389438629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32041627168655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.23773661255836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11164408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18657800","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","level":4,"score":0.13891109824180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199305712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3205914","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.05685824155807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46757340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43238","display_name":"Poaceae","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(96)00244-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(96)00244-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2027529581","https://openalex.org/W2050169407","https://openalex.org/W2052674111","https://openalex.org/W2330548796","https://openalex.org/W2442545619","https://openalex.org/W4302339081","https://openalex.org/W6663442631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100613987","https://openalex.org/W2888365070","https://openalex.org/W2009481224","https://openalex.org/W2887672569","https://openalex.org/W142591792","https://openalex.org/W2951601072","https://openalex.org/W4298573829","https://openalex.org/W4381855730","https://openalex.org/W1985092512","https://openalex.org/W3118657126"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
