{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080492358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00107-3","title":"First-order linear logic without modalities is NEXPTIME-hard","display_name":"First-order linear logic without modalities is NEXPTIME-hard","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080492358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00107-3","mag":"2080492358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(94)00107-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00107-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003908930","display_name":"Patrick Lincoln","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Lincoln","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054465062","display_name":"Andre Scedrov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-0419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Scedrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6395, USA","Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6395, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6395, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6395, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003908930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86746898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"135","issue":"1","first_page":"139","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-logic","display_name":"Linear logic","score":0.6507337093353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondeterministic-algorithm","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","score":0.592475950717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pspace","display_name":"PSPACE","score":0.5268824696540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.5250551700592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5240478515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragment","display_name":"Fragment (logic)","score":0.45422911643981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal-logic","display_name":"Modal logic","score":0.4404246211051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33916211128234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3329160809516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.2053089439868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.11579087376594543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28077239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841728","display_name":"Linear logic","level":2,"score":0.6507337093353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176181172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3490301","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.592475950717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197685441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500716","display_name":"PSPACE","level":3,"score":0.5268824696540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5250551700592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5240478515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18392052","display_name":"Fragment (logic)","level":2,"score":0.45422911643981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27508121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210841","display_name":"Modal logic","level":3,"score":0.4404246211051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33916211128234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3329160809516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2053089439868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.11579087376594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(94)00107-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00107-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.6279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.6279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csl.sri.com/users/lincoln/papers/mall1-hard.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.56.7651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.56.7651","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cis.upenn.edu/pub/papers/scedrov/mall1.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W610373754","https://openalex.org/W1539986213","https://openalex.org/W1572370762","https://openalex.org/W1590795174","https://openalex.org/W1606971543","https://openalex.org/W1949155165","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2021005328","https://openalex.org/W2021289373","https://openalex.org/W2058419440","https://openalex.org/W2070324762","https://openalex.org/W2085305950","https://openalex.org/W2095436832","https://openalex.org/W2101017866","https://openalex.org/W2106458801","https://openalex.org/W2122866233","https://openalex.org/W2127478938","https://openalex.org/W2156950788","https://openalex.org/W2911865844","https://openalex.org/W2985950726","https://openalex.org/W4244456148","https://openalex.org/W4253630760","https://openalex.org/W4302339081","https://openalex.org/W6632323252","https://openalex.org/W6633965075","https://openalex.org/W6634283314","https://openalex.org/W6635194704","https://openalex.org/W6640857047","https://openalex.org/W6678927567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034722188","https://openalex.org/W4300411006","https://openalex.org/W2033718868","https://openalex.org/W1599423189","https://openalex.org/W102346798","https://openalex.org/W2951143878","https://openalex.org/W45978246","https://openalex.org/W2497725717","https://openalex.org/W1506210129","https://openalex.org/W2896652110"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}