{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083801902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90387-u","title":"Semantics and reasoning with free procedures","display_name":"Semantics and reasoning with free procedures","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083801902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90387-u","mag":"2083801902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(92)90387-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90387-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067917350","display_name":"Steven M. German","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. German","raw_affiliation_strings":["GTE, Waltham, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GTE, Waltham, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067917350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15700546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6436975002288818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5930047631263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5520011186599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-semantics","display_name":"Computational semantics","score":0.44247063994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-semantics","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","score":0.42936909198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-semantics","display_name":"Operational semantics","score":0.42534926533699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.36115968227386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.354364812374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09844064712524414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6436975002288818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5930047631263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5520011186599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200065993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954981","display_name":"Computational semantics","level":4,"score":0.44247063994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146499914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469969","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42936909198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930895","display_name":"Operational semantics","level":3,"score":0.42534926533699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.36115968227386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.354364812374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09844064712524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(92)90387-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90387-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490966766","https://openalex.org/W1592287058","https://openalex.org/W1990487099","https://openalex.org/W2010007177","https://openalex.org/W2063113502","https://openalex.org/W2075350371","https://openalex.org/W2105505307","https://openalex.org/W2140295918","https://openalex.org/W2279194953","https://openalex.org/W6629309227","https://openalex.org/W6694980876","https://openalex.org/W6703496001","https://openalex.org/W7055520776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3042312155","https://openalex.org/W1975908952","https://openalex.org/W2073736684","https://openalex.org/W1495012123","https://openalex.org/W2610513781","https://openalex.org/W2146445117","https://openalex.org/W2890422991","https://openalex.org/W2385508105","https://openalex.org/W2158105805","https://openalex.org/W3007870257"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}