{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132107743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90224-p","title":"The existence of refinement mappings","display_name":"The existence of refinement mappings","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132107743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90224-p","mag":"2132107743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(91)90224-p","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90224-p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109387322","display_name":"Mart\u0131\u0301n Abadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122731","display_name":"Digital Wave (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t3fqk56","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mart\u00edn Abadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, 130 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto CA 94303, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, 130 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto CA 94303, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040623453","display_name":"Leslie Lamport","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122731","display_name":"Digital Wave (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t3fqk56","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie Lamport","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, 130 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto CA 94303, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, 130 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto CA 94303, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109387322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122731"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.5742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":730,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99645614,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"2","first_page":"253","last_page":"284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.9288027286529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.6602754592895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6532783508300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-state-machines","display_name":"Abstract state machines","score":0.5591567754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.5561251044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5361774563789368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.4835507571697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.43670743703842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refinement-calculus","display_name":"Refinement calculus","score":0.4348294734954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4277571141719818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41330578923225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.41293585300445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.3400486707687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3075578212738037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.9288027286529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.6602754592895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6532783508300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145243422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333385","display_name":"Abstract state machines","level":3,"score":0.5591567754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.5561251044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5361774563789368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4835507571697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.43670743703842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90483712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307205","display_name":"Refinement calculus","level":2,"score":0.4348294734954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4277571141719818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41330578923225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.41293585300445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.3400486707687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3075578212738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(91)90224-p","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90224-p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204503899","https://openalex.org/W1525901496","https://openalex.org/W1801684590","https://openalex.org/W1984478483","https://openalex.org/W1993449345","https://openalex.org/W2000302396","https://openalex.org/W2015121269","https://openalex.org/W2039853888","https://openalex.org/W2082867148","https://openalex.org/W2086070079","https://openalex.org/W2107997147","https://openalex.org/W2132334337","https://openalex.org/W2485756336","https://openalex.org/W2488585569","https://openalex.org/W6608287256","https://openalex.org/W6638400140","https://openalex.org/W6650227305","https://openalex.org/W6653990283","https://openalex.org/W6676390453","https://openalex.org/W6722758691","https://openalex.org/W6836797492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997072713","https://openalex.org/W2098353690","https://openalex.org/W4251237796","https://openalex.org/W2371707945","https://openalex.org/W2348641362","https://openalex.org/W1838372604","https://openalex.org/W2154046960","https://openalex.org/W2522533476","https://openalex.org/W2381339326","https://openalex.org/W36216204"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
