{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167004912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(87)90065-x","title":"Observation equivalence as a testing equivalence","display_name":"Observation equivalence as a testing equivalence","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167004912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(87)90065-x","mag":"2167004912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(87)90065-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(87)90065-x","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439758790065X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439758790065X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081687891","display_name":"Samson Abramsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-6637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samson Abramsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081687891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":203,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98548516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"2-3","first_page":"225","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.7711683511734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copying","display_name":"Copying","score":0.46197569370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4461306035518646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3600173592567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.35057467222213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.3381146788597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.2742549180984497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.7711683511734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779151265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156791","display_name":"Copying","level":2,"score":0.46197569370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4461306035518646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3600173592567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.35057467222213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3381146788597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2742549180984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(87)90065-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(87)90065-x","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439758790065X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:eb9e7eb4-2d02-4939-b0a0-c322f3f54948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb9e7eb4-2d02-4939-b0a0-c322f3f54948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Computer Science","raw_type":"Conference item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(87)90065-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(87)90065-x","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439758790065X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167004912.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167004912.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548644447","https://openalex.org/W1586966546","https://openalex.org/W1589421353","https://openalex.org/W1747842575","https://openalex.org/W1791168610","https://openalex.org/W1966112122","https://openalex.org/W1984820433","https://openalex.org/W2048826020","https://openalex.org/W2062024564","https://openalex.org/W2108796478","https://openalex.org/W2110287808","https://openalex.org/W2137865376","https://openalex.org/W2157471937","https://openalex.org/W2913461254","https://openalex.org/W6635029829","https://openalex.org/W6637901699","https://openalex.org/W6641694948","https://openalex.org/W6642345100","https://openalex.org/W6676384142","https://openalex.org/W6680753846","https://openalex.org/W6758527746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308771405","https://openalex.org/W2355873265","https://openalex.org/W2963669501","https://openalex.org/W3080197661","https://openalex.org/W4318471783","https://openalex.org/W2760667490","https://openalex.org/W2991781269","https://openalex.org/W775724729","https://openalex.org/W2137489486","https://openalex.org/W2021042108"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
