{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046327127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90129-x","title":"A proof-theoretic characterization of observational equivalence","display_name":"A proof-theoretic characterization of observational equivalence","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046327127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90129-x","mag":"2046327127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(85)90129-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90129-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112222674","display_name":"Colin Stirling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Colin Stirling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112222674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94770691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":null,"first_page":"27","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-equivalence","display_name":"Observational equivalence","score":0.7761094570159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.6172264814376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5524001121520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5126787424087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.46405306458473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.41793787479400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.3917660713195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3885788321495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35664820671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.28573715686798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.14790648221969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14091989398002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12622034549713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09248816967010498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777721189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17121921","display_name":"Observational equivalence","level":2,"score":0.7761094570159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.6172264814376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5524001121520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5126787424087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.46405306458473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.41793787479400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.3917660713195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3885788321495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35664820671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.28573715686798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.14790648221969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14091989398002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12622034549713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09248816967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(85)90129-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90129-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79222658","https://openalex.org/W1540552275","https://openalex.org/W1589421353","https://openalex.org/W2001748564","https://openalex.org/W2082586807","https://openalex.org/W2094235252","https://openalex.org/W2102097307","https://openalex.org/W2107733072","https://openalex.org/W2110287808","https://openalex.org/W2137865376","https://openalex.org/W3135320517","https://openalex.org/W3144771442","https://openalex.org/W3152338570","https://openalex.org/W6632339125","https://openalex.org/W6635029829","https://openalex.org/W6673850444","https://openalex.org/W6676181431","https://openalex.org/W6680753846","https://openalex.org/W6791386070","https://openalex.org/W6792787016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381328000","https://openalex.org/W2109147503","https://openalex.org/W1984720268","https://openalex.org/W2103779230","https://openalex.org/W2322581019","https://openalex.org/W334096847","https://openalex.org/W1568197394","https://openalex.org/W2609453395","https://openalex.org/W4255700610","https://openalex.org/W3183205774"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}