{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074593591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(82)90110-4","title":"A pushdown automation or a context-free grammar\u2014which is more economical?","display_name":"A pushdown automation or a context-free grammar\u2014which is more economical?","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074593591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(82)90110-4","mag":"2074593591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(82)90110-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(82)90110-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087046267","display_name":"Jonathan Goldstine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Goldstine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091134790","display_name":"John K. Price","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John K. Price","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031669663","display_name":"Detlef Wotschke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Detlef Wotschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091134790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66736975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-pushdown-automaton","display_name":"Embedded pushdown automaton","score":0.9450216293334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pushdown-automaton","display_name":"Pushdown automaton","score":0.9264907836914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterministic-pushdown-automaton","display_name":"Deterministic pushdown automaton","score":0.8935147523880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterministic-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Deterministic context-free grammar","score":0.8808482885360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-language","display_name":"Context-free language","score":0.6690616607666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.5410768389701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5377140045166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.4481111466884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.43248069286346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4171358346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nested-word","display_name":"Nested word","score":0.4156377911567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4146953821182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-adjoining-grammar","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","score":0.4076698124408722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4069068431854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.40094131231307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.3633838891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2777426242828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.2433713674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16904279589653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automata-theory","display_name":"Automata theory","score":0.13472354412078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13452476263046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondeterministic-finite-automaton","display_name":"Nondeterministic finite automaton","score":0.11374214291572571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27034413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370010","display_name":"Embedded pushdown automaton","level":5,"score":0.9450216293334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77944639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751443","display_name":"Pushdown automaton","level":3,"score":0.9264907836914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74919329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378713","display_name":"Deterministic pushdown automaton","level":5,"score":0.8935147523880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177638518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3435975","display_name":"Deterministic context-free grammar","level":5,"score":0.8808482885360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198838072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729271","display_name":"Context-free language","level":3,"score":0.6690616607666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.5410768389701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5377140045166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.4481111466884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.43248069286346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4171358346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92117001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6997829","display_name":"Nested word","level":5,"score":0.4156377911567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4146953821182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.4076698124408722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4069068431854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.40094131231307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.3633838891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2777426242828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.2433713674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16904279589653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116248031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214526","display_name":"Automata theory","level":3,"score":0.13472354412078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13452476263046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158008952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617295","display_name":"Nondeterministic finite automaton","level":4,"score":0.11374214291572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174327141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176837","display_name":"Quantum finite automata","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(82)90110-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(82)90110-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130086024","https://openalex.org/W299519334","https://openalex.org/W1587258843","https://openalex.org/W1817451992","https://openalex.org/W1846998866","https://openalex.org/W1963502093","https://openalex.org/W1964431911","https://openalex.org/W2001447498","https://openalex.org/W2050612755","https://openalex.org/W2065579926","https://openalex.org/W2090921231","https://openalex.org/W2094856502","https://openalex.org/W2148224873","https://openalex.org/W2592184324","https://openalex.org/W6635165258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067895928","https://openalex.org/W2472752294","https://openalex.org/W1486486721","https://openalex.org/W127918926","https://openalex.org/W2089141720","https://openalex.org/W214992615","https://openalex.org/W1972232894","https://openalex.org/W2171067235","https://openalex.org/W2068249429","https://openalex.org/W4206600150"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
