{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055081868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(78)90036-1","title":"The covering and boundedness problems for vector addition systems","display_name":"The covering and boundedness problems for vector addition systems","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055081868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(78)90036-1","mag":"2055081868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(78)90036-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(78)90036-1","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304397578900361/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304397578900361/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071766529","display_name":"Charles Rackoff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Rackoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada","Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071766529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1694,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":383,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87860697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"223","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6216153502464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.5872114300727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4899832308292389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4318162798881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35298246145248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.350205659866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.34658902883529663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6216153502464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5872114300727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4899832308292389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4318162798881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35298246145248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.350205659866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.34658902883529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(78)90036-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(78)90036-1","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304397578900361/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3975(78)90036-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(78)90036-1","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304397578900361/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90727058","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0304-3975","issn":["0304-3975","1879-2294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2055081868.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2055081868.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970398023","https://openalex.org/W1973458874","https://openalex.org/W1975261774","https://openalex.org/W1982129592","https://openalex.org/W2106001218","https://openalex.org/W6643966579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2980963558","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2989452537"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
