{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016219933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-6774(85)90023-9","title":"Finding approximate patterns in strings","display_name":"Finding approximate patterns in strings","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016219933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-6774(85)90023-9","mag":"2016219933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0196-6774(85)90023-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-6774(85)90023-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110520077","display_name":"Journal of Algorithms","issn_l":"0196-6774","issn":["0196-6774","1090-2678"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058284151","display_name":"Esko Ukkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-1505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esko Ukkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 2, SF-00250 Helsinki 25, Finland","Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 2, SF-00250, Helsinki 25, Finland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 2, SF-00250 Helsinki 25, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 2, SF-00250, Helsinki 25, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058284151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":387,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9613626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"132","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substring","display_name":"Substring","score":0.9186912775039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6195661425590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.5913266539573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.5817002058029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.5763742923736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5534873604774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterministic-finite-automaton","display_name":"Deterministic finite automaton","score":0.5481246113777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edit-distance","display_name":"Edit distance","score":0.52058345079422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.5032803416252136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.4930121600627899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterministic-automaton","display_name":"Deterministic automaton","score":0.48902544379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.48580217361450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.46155664324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.440952330827713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3805156946182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2775282561779022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.25965163111686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.23965489864349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.21894130110740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10256734490394592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182407805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2626534","display_name":"Substring","level":3,"score":0.9186912775039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6195661425590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.5913266539573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5817002058029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5763742923736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5534873604774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104091681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837528","display_name":"Deterministic finite automaton","level":3,"score":0.5481246113777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44359876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5338467","display_name":"Edit distance","level":2,"score":0.52058345079422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.5032803416252136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4930121600627899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194525867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265707","display_name":"Deterministic automaton","level":3,"score":0.48902544379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.48580217361450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46155664324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.440952330827713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3805156946182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2775282561779022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.25965163111686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.23965489864349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.21894130110740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10256734490394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0196-6774(85)90023-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-6774(85)90023-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110520077","display_name":"Journal of Algorithms","issn_l":"0196-6774","issn":["0196-6774","1090-2678"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1970026646","https://openalex.org/W1985108724","https://openalex.org/W1990413869","https://openalex.org/W2014465896","https://openalex.org/W2134826720","https://openalex.org/W6636915900"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136519138","https://openalex.org/W1989944203","https://openalex.org/W1998479724","https://openalex.org/W2546839375","https://openalex.org/W2902482624","https://openalex.org/W3082647531","https://openalex.org/W2298204719","https://openalex.org/W2999485669","https://openalex.org/W2376315482","https://openalex.org/W52396946"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}