{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079456810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(92)90033-m","title":"3L, a software laboratory for the OSI lower layers","display_name":"3L, a software laboratory for the OSI lower layers","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079456810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(92)90033-m","mag":"2079456810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0169-7552(92)90033-m","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(92)90033-m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3084184","display_name":"Computer Networks and ISDN Systems","issn_l":"0169-7552","issn":["0169-7552","1879-2324"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Networks and ISDN Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073711664","display_name":"Eric Mannie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric Mannie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brussels Universities, Helios-B group, Bld. du Triomphe CP 230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brussels Universities, Helios-B group, Bld. du Triomphe CP 230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109990664","display_name":"Bernard Sales","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Sales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brussels Universities, Helios-B group, Bld. du Triomphe CP 230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brussels Universities, Helios-B group, Bld. du Triomphe CP 230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073711664"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23806308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4-5","first_page":"420","last_page":"425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9395999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9395999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.900600016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osi-model","display_name":"OSI model","score":0.896510660648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7561068534851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5259302258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5161546468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.437751442193985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.4145902991294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3931686282157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3542114198207855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18564191460609436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168535184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93312","display_name":"OSI model","level":3,"score":0.896510660648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7561068534851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5259302258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5161546468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.437751442193985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.4145902991294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3931686282157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3542114198207855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18564191460609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0169-7552(92)90033-m","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(92)90033-m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3084184","display_name":"Computer Networks and ISDN Systems","issn_l":"0169-7552","issn":["0169-7552","1879-2324"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Networks and ISDN Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/164592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/164592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 25 (4-5","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546907442","https://openalex.org/W1590810061","https://openalex.org/W2007804763","https://openalex.org/W2080959859","https://openalex.org/W2914017020","https://openalex.org/W4236546623","https://openalex.org/W6670514185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2202967556","https://openalex.org/W2183913980","https://openalex.org/W2056075938","https://openalex.org/W4306985820","https://openalex.org/W3021937834","https://openalex.org/W2010826625","https://openalex.org/W567653476","https://openalex.org/W1820766890","https://openalex.org/W2012468187","https://openalex.org/W2029812290"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}