{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010414092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(92)90023-5","title":"Linking linguistic and non-linguistic information","display_name":"Linking linguistic and non-linguistic information","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010414092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(92)90023-5","mag":"2010414092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0169-023x(92)90023-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(92)90023-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136993123","display_name":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0169-023X","issn":["0169-023X","1872-6933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data &amp; Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042483717","display_name":"Peter Gerstl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155382","display_name":"Knowledge Based Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtf4q04","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Gerstl","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hamburg; IBM Germany GmbH, Scientific Center, Institute for Knowledge Based Systems, WZ-IWBS 7000-75, P.O. Box 80 08 80, W-7000 Stuttgart 80, Germany","University of Hamburg","IBM Germany GmbH, Scientific Center, Institute for Knowledge Based Systems, WZ-IWBS 7000-75, P.O. Box 80 08 80, W-7000 Stuttgart 80, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg; IBM Germany GmbH, Scientific Center, Institute for Knowledge Based Systems, WZ-IWBS 7000-75, P.O. Box 80 08 80, W-7000 Stuttgart 80, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210155382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Germany GmbH, Scientific Center, Institute for Knowledge Based Systems, WZ-IWBS 7000-75, P.O. Box 80 08 80, W-7000 Stuttgart 80, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042483717"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210155382"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81467422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"205","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-linguistic-processing","display_name":"Deep linguistic processing","score":0.661523699760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.6293696165084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5780820846557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-description","display_name":"Linguistic description","score":0.5470614433288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5389606952667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5174341797828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.468589723110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4592871367931366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.4365634024143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3887954652309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3658163547515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.34998607635498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2827606201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.12217268347740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11477097868919373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64249296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5250411","display_name":"Deep linguistic processing","level":2,"score":0.661523699760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6293696165084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5780820846557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777864","display_name":"Linguistic description","level":2,"score":0.5470614433288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5389606952667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5174341797828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.468589723110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4592871367931366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4365634024143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3887954652309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3658163547515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.34998607635498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2827606201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12217268347740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11477097868919373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0169-023x(92)90023-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(92)90023-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136993123","display_name":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0169-023X","issn":["0169-023X","1872-6933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data &amp; Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28815611","https://openalex.org/W52118773","https://openalex.org/W193854645","https://openalex.org/W582424476","https://openalex.org/W657813465","https://openalex.org/W1481002019","https://openalex.org/W1517894019","https://openalex.org/W1532443302","https://openalex.org/W1604122592","https://openalex.org/W1607630027","https://openalex.org/W1990673309","https://openalex.org/W2012628465","https://openalex.org/W2014692636","https://openalex.org/W2032527312","https://openalex.org/W2046661440","https://openalex.org/W2078722455","https://openalex.org/W2123987305","https://openalex.org/W2141648755","https://openalex.org/W2143745167","https://openalex.org/W2178533831","https://openalex.org/W2337155889","https://openalex.org/W2982529101","https://openalex.org/W3035258717","https://openalex.org/W3194490641","https://openalex.org/W4206140093","https://openalex.org/W6602069331","https://openalex.org/W6625122095","https://openalex.org/W6628838780","https://openalex.org/W6631230233","https://openalex.org/W6631914502","https://openalex.org/W6636530550","https://openalex.org/W6662213631","https://openalex.org/W6680863387","https://openalex.org/W6703405137","https://openalex.org/W6769081207","https://openalex.org/W6800301123","https://openalex.org/W6866800838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W108642938","https://openalex.org/W1593781251","https://openalex.org/W954775246","https://openalex.org/W2362077418","https://openalex.org/W4386996615","https://openalex.org/W2010414092","https://openalex.org/W2805816200","https://openalex.org/W891603414","https://openalex.org/W2883068512","https://openalex.org/W2783850934"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
