{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966810531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(87)90022-x","title":"Coping with indefinite and negative data in deductive databases: A survey","display_name":"Coping with indefinite and negative data in deductive databases: A survey","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966810531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(87)90022-x","mag":"1966810531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0169-023x(87)90022-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(87)90022-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136993123","display_name":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0169-023X","issn":["0169-023X","1872-6933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data &amp; Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012600224","display_name":"Paul Chisholm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Chisholm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","Heroit-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heroit-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035264669","display_name":"G. Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055951478","display_name":"David Ferbrache","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Ferbrache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","Heroit-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heroit-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015589291","display_name":"Peter Thanisch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Thanisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinbugh, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinbugh, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106083488","display_name":"M. Howard Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1986-0882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.H. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 2HJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot Watt University  Edinburgh UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.511,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68660702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"259","last_page":"284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deductive-database","display_name":"Deductive database","score":0.7608011960983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5836799144744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.5485721826553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.45136335492134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4419345259666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2005884349346161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1936458945274353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777502361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182254","display_name":"Deductive database","level":2,"score":0.7608011960983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5836799144744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.5485721826553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45136335492134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4419345259666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2005884349346161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1936458945274353}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0169-023x(87)90022-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-023x(87)90022-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136993123","display_name":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"0169-023X","issn":["0169-023X","1872-6933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data &amp; Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101701348","https://openalex.org/W125328907","https://openalex.org/W189317106","https://openalex.org/W1514729613","https://openalex.org/W1524811847","https://openalex.org/W1532094842","https://openalex.org/W1534577298","https://openalex.org/W1584563892","https://openalex.org/W1792738922","https://openalex.org/W1985819576","https://openalex.org/W1995447625","https://openalex.org/W1998363560","https://openalex.org/W2000141049","https://openalex.org/W2018830344","https://openalex.org/W2039303449","https://openalex.org/W2051223322","https://openalex.org/W2058656940","https://openalex.org/W2065555531","https://openalex.org/W2076024411","https://openalex.org/W2082880188","https://openalex.org/W2090776985","https://openalex.org/W2091433498","https://openalex.org/W2092842298","https://openalex.org/W2100738443","https://openalex.org/W2105486835","https://openalex.org/W2108911687","https://openalex.org/W2127659271","https://openalex.org/W2134978478","https://openalex.org/W2143659798","https://openalex.org/W2165467455","https://openalex.org/W2185907055","https://openalex.org/W2411085520","https://openalex.org/W2913309218","https://openalex.org/W2945259913","https://openalex.org/W4210435783","https://openalex.org/W4212824748","https://openalex.org/W4238307044","https://openalex.org/W6605111434","https://openalex.org/W6607611666","https://openalex.org/W6631188490","https://openalex.org/W6631798291","https://openalex.org/W6631930693","https://openalex.org/W6638209353","https://openalex.org/W6658652139","https://openalex.org/W6673126207","https://openalex.org/W6675925439","https://openalex.org/W6678996159","https://openalex.org/W6759285401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W2360858150","https://openalex.org/W370365947"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
