{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2592587535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0072(93)90033-a","title":"Models with second order properties V: A general principle","display_name":"Models with second order properties V: A general principle","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2592587535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0072(93)90033-a","mag":"2592587535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0168-0072(93)90033-a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0072(93)90033-a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172477885","display_name":"Annals of Pure and Applied Logic","issn_l":"0168-0072","issn":["0168-0072","1873-2461"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Pure and Applied Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024923217","display_name":"Saharon Shelah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-3152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saharon Shelah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073859486","display_name":"Claude Laflamme","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Laflamme","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021510208","display_name":"Bradd Hart","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bradd Hart","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021510208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90374016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"2","first_page":"169","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11151","display_name":"Advanced Topology and Set Theory","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11151","display_name":"Advanced Topology and Set Theory","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axiom","display_name":"Axiom","score":0.6666626930236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6412712335586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.6034218668937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section","display_name":"Section (typography)","score":0.6001803278923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order-type","display_name":"Order type","score":0.497513085603714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statement","display_name":"Statement (logic)","score":0.4953528642654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4670172333717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.455766499042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.39078617095947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.3627578020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3513104319572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.32852903008461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26999765634536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.6666626930236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6412712335586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.6034218668937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6001803278923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138890893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620006","display_name":"Order type","level":2,"score":0.497513085603714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4953528642654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4670172333717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.455766499042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.39078617095947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.3627578020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3513104319572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.32852903008461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26999765634536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0168-0072(93)90033-a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0072(93)90033-a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172477885","display_name":"Annals of Pure and Applied Logic","issn_l":"0168-0072","issn":["0168-0072","1873-2461"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Pure and Applied Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.17.4808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.17.4808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.math.ucalgary.ca/~laf/research/papers/162b.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488454741","https://openalex.org/W1964163576","https://openalex.org/W1975559085","https://openalex.org/W1977994335","https://openalex.org/W1984920442","https://openalex.org/W1986446858","https://openalex.org/W1998341651","https://openalex.org/W2012475919","https://openalex.org/W2020750566","https://openalex.org/W2066633462","https://openalex.org/W2067360092","https://openalex.org/W6629032631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075768550","https://openalex.org/W3022218857","https://openalex.org/W2475705533","https://openalex.org/W3193217268","https://openalex.org/W2001063456","https://openalex.org/W4237089393","https://openalex.org/W2341789161","https://openalex.org/W1996227329","https://openalex.org/W4241070479","https://openalex.org/W2990827925"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}