{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1791996339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)90079-5","title":"The meaning of the interface","display_name":"The meaning of the interface","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1791996339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)90079-5","mag":"1791996339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-9236(94)90079-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)90079-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11479521","display_name":"Decision Support Systems","issn_l":"0167-9236","issn":["0167-9236","1873-5797"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Decision Support Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111927511","display_name":"Gerardine DeSanctis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gerardine DeSanctis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009193318","display_name":"James Snyder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Snyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034256615","display_name":"Marshall Scott Poole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-5595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marshall Scott Poole","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111927511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":3280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3280},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8855916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"319","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.7037415504455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6926127672195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6728346347808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5751928687095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5496439337730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.5332514643669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4980478286743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4264487326145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3602946996688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19885516166687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12575659155845642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.7037415504455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6926127672195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6728346347808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5751928687095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5496439337730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.5332514643669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4980478286743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4264487326145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3602946996688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19885516166687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12575659155845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-9236(94)90079-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)90079-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11479521","display_name":"Decision Support Systems","issn_l":"0167-9236","issn":["0167-9236","1873-5797"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Decision Support Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52087869","https://openalex.org/W82536027","https://openalex.org/W267020508","https://openalex.org/W1484005358","https://openalex.org/W1498240737","https://openalex.org/W1513402407","https://openalex.org/W1527944521","https://openalex.org/W1528925769","https://openalex.org/W1534254774","https://openalex.org/W1569447401","https://openalex.org/W1578743203","https://openalex.org/W1598048033","https://openalex.org/W1604070650","https://openalex.org/W1830597311","https://openalex.org/W1895273801","https://openalex.org/W1954663826","https://openalex.org/W1981901365","https://openalex.org/W1991691398","https://openalex.org/W2000945137","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2006679899","https://openalex.org/W2007331479","https://openalex.org/W2021794857","https://openalex.org/W2026784613","https://openalex.org/W2027106228","https://openalex.org/W2038281539","https://openalex.org/W2039335647","https://openalex.org/W2043313267","https://openalex.org/W2049141440","https://openalex.org/W2052876062","https://openalex.org/W2077538630","https://openalex.org/W2081978933","https://openalex.org/W2085632445","https://openalex.org/W2111971407","https://openalex.org/W2121234354","https://openalex.org/W2123257262","https://openalex.org/W2144100620","https://openalex.org/W2144124724","https://openalex.org/W2145482038","https://openalex.org/W2161815637","https://openalex.org/W2315385127","https://openalex.org/W2315761891","https://openalex.org/W2911280963","https://openalex.org/W3122755938","https://openalex.org/W6602125587","https://openalex.org/W6628832805","https://openalex.org/W6629749574","https://openalex.org/W6630592421","https://openalex.org/W6630632864","https://openalex.org/W6634196184","https://openalex.org/W6638659039","https://openalex.org/W6651284205","https://openalex.org/W6670024917","https://openalex.org/W6671064717","https://openalex.org/W6678052694","https://openalex.org/W6678508164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295769391","https://openalex.org/W2972220648","https://openalex.org/W2332667808","https://openalex.org/W1997921863","https://openalex.org/W3112960490","https://openalex.org/W2344144656","https://openalex.org/W93605524","https://openalex.org/W4250894911","https://openalex.org/W1649706580","https://openalex.org/W3195608031"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}