{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990138498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(96)00046-3","title":"Efficient illumination normalization of facial images","display_name":"Efficient illumination normalization of facial images","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990138498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(96)00046-3","mag":"1990138498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-8655(96)00046-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(96)00046-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047918353","display_name":"P. Jonathon Phillips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-5197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P.Jonathon Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Research Laboratory, AMSRL-SE-RT, 10235 Burbeck Rd, Suite 110, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060-5838, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Research Laboratory, AMSRL-SE-RT, 10235 Burbeck Rd, Suite 110, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060-5838, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110318638","display_name":"Yehuda Vardi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehuda Vardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA","Department of Statistics, Rutgers University. New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Rutgers University. New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047918353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82813098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"921","last_page":"927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7885591983795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7178889513015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.7109905481338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6645820140838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5685519576072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5613625049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5434685945510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.49594196677207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.41344454884529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.410836398601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18998602032661438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7885591983795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7178889513015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.7109905481338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6645820140838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5685519576072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5613625049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5434685945510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.49594196677207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.41344454884529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.410836398601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18998602032661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-8655(96)00046-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(96)00046-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29863154","https://openalex.org/W1505026000","https://openalex.org/W1557981788","https://openalex.org/W1973436000","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2113341759","https://openalex.org/W2125713050","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2159686933","https://openalex.org/W2990650678","https://openalex.org/W3027630290","https://openalex.org/W4251456804","https://openalex.org/W4254563424","https://openalex.org/W6601220013","https://openalex.org/W6630364078","https://openalex.org/W6633414390","https://openalex.org/W6678668498","https://openalex.org/W6680296241","https://openalex.org/W6683326157","https://openalex.org/W6778170842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528102763","https://openalex.org/W2351755528","https://openalex.org/W2585385340","https://openalex.org/W2465871978","https://openalex.org/W4297926828","https://openalex.org/W132006996","https://openalex.org/W1569550976","https://openalex.org/W3003818300","https://openalex.org/W2148400622","https://openalex.org/W2009868614"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
