{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040024212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(91)90071-s","title":"Formation of prototypes and their confidence regions in classification and concept formation problems","display_name":"Formation of prototypes and their confidence regions in classification and concept formation problems","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040024212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(91)90071-s","mag":"2040024212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-8655(91)90071-s","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(91)90071-s","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003799782","display_name":"Witold Pedrycz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Pedrycz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003799782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73227088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"739","last_page":"746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercube","display_name":"Hypercube","score":0.7093204259872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5372915267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5263732075691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4901369512081146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4819640815258026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.45655837655067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.436974436044693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4316960275173187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35449373722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3255499005317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.28560811281204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.14253419637680054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50820777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213723","display_name":"Hypercube","level":2,"score":0.7093204259872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5372915267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5263732075691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4901369512081146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4819640815258026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.45655837655067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.436974436044693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4316960275173187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35449373722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3255499005317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28560811281204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.14253419637680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-8655(91)90071-s","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(91)90071-s","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151820558","display_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","issn_l":"0167-8655","issn":["0167-8655","1872-7344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974113105","https://openalex.org/W2023365524","https://openalex.org/W2025320861","https://openalex.org/W2072441027","https://openalex.org/W2801830100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916710807","https://openalex.org/W4286907761","https://openalex.org/W2413588304","https://openalex.org/W3205447645","https://openalex.org/W2009411567","https://openalex.org/W2371629703","https://openalex.org/W2097769911","https://openalex.org/W2774705104","https://openalex.org/W2349966087","https://openalex.org/W2380341745"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
